biostudies-literatureMa LNICHD NIH HHSnational Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentODCDC CDC HHSNIMH NIH HHSNIH HHSNational Institute of Child Health and Human Development849https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12197331biostudies-literatureUnknown17(6)Infants born to HIV-positive mothers remain at significant risk of HIV acquisition despite maternal adherence to antiretroviral therapy, cesarean delivery, and formula feeding. Our previous study reported that initiating early antiretroviral treatment at three days post-SIV infection resulted in approximately eighty percent of pediatric virologic remission. In this study, we investigated treatment outcomes in postnatally SHIV-exposed infant macaques when early intervention was delayed by two days, as well as the mechanisms underlying virologic control. The results showed that, although initiating treatment at five days post-exposure effectively suppressed viral replication, only one of the three infant macaques achieved a sustained state of virologic remission following analytical treatmenVirusesImpact of Delayed Early Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation on Treatment Outcomes in Infant Macaques Exposed to SHIVAD8.PMC12197331U42 OD024282P51 OD011104R01 HD099857HD099857U42 OD010568P40 OD028116HD103511R01 MH133474Vincent EDoyle-Meyers LANishimura YVeazey RSMa LBlair RVLu HDonau OMartin MWang XXu HWu XfalseImpact of Delayed Early Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation on Treatment Outcomes in Infant Macaques Exposed to SHIVAD8.Infants born to HIV-positive mothers remain at significant risk of HIV acquisition despite maternal adherence to antiretroviral therapy, cesarean delivery, and formula feeding. Our previous study reported that initiating early antiretroviral treatment at three days post-SIV infection resulted in approximately eighty percent of pediatric virologic remission. In this study, we investigated treatment outcomes in postnatally SHIV-exposed infant macaques when early intervention was delayed by two days, as well as the mechanisms underlying virologic control. The results showed that, although initiating treatment at five days post-exposure effectively suppressed viral replication, only one of the three infant macaques achieved a sustained state of virologic remission following analytical treatmen2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Jun2026-04-08T19:08:19.796Z2026-04-08T12:01:29.712ZS-EPMC121973314057344010.3390/v17060849