biostudies-literatureCaldon MFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia - FCT (Foundation for Science and Technology)Ph.D program in Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, University of Parma (MUR: Italian Ministry for University and Research)Università degli Studi di ParmaAgencia Nacional de Investigación y DesarrolloMinistero dell'Università e della Ricerca "Departments of Excellence"la Caixa FoundationMinistero dell&apos;Università e della Ricerca&apos;la Caixa&apos; Foundatione70082https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12205352biostudies-literatureUnknown187(3)<h4>Objectives</h4>Hybridisation plays a critical role in species evolution and is widespread among primates, particularly in the genus Papio. Several baboon hybridisation zones have been identified in Africa, with Gorongosa National Park in Mozambique being notable for chacma baboons exhibiting phenotypic and genomic traits of both chacma and yellow baboons. This study builds on earlier research by leveraging new genomic data to refine our understanding of the relationships between Central Mozambique baboons and other baboon populations, focusing on chacma, yellow, and kinda baboons.<h4>Materials and methods</h4>We analyzed uniparental genetic markers alongside autosomal and X chromosome variants, incorporating unpublished low-coverage genomes from fecal samples collected in Central MozamAmerican journal of biological anthropologyBaboons at a Crossroads: Hybridisation Events and Genomic Links of Central Mozambique's Baboons With Papio Neighbors.PMC12205352ANID/FONDECYT 1240657LCF/BQ/DI22/11940014Mercuri GMutti GCaldon MMartinez FICapelli Cda Silva MJFfalseBaboons at a Crossroads: Hybridisation Events and Genomic Links of Central Mozambique's Baboons With Papio Neighbors.<h4>Objectives</h4>Hybridisation plays a critical role in species evolution and is widespread among primates, particularly in the genus Papio. Several baboon hybridisation zones have been identified in Africa, with Gorongosa National Park in Mozambique being notable for chacma baboons exhibiting phenotypic and genomic traits of both chacma and yellow baboons. This study builds on earlier research by leveraging new genomic data to refine our understanding of the relationships between Central Mozambique baboons and other baboon populations, focusing on chacma, yellow, and kinda baboons.<h4>Materials and methods</h4>We analyzed uniparental genetic markers alongside autosomal and X chromosome variants, incorporating unpublished low-coverage genomes from fecal samples collected in Central Mozam2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Jul2026-06-01T15:55:22.504Z2026-04-08T13:50:29ZS-EPMC122053524057988210.1002/ajpa.70082