{"database":"biostudies-literature","file_versions":[],"scores":null,"additional":{"omics_type":["Unknown"],"volume":["15(1)"],"submitter":["Knight W"],"pubmed_abstract":["Protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) is a fluorescent metabolite in the heme biosynthesis pathway, and cancer cells accumulate it when 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), a precursor, is administered. In the U.S., 5-ALA is approved for visualizing high-grade gliomas (HGG) during fluorescence-guided surgery. PPIX is also central to experimental photodynamic and sonodynamic therapies for HGG. Additionally, PPIX measurement is critical for diagnosing and monitoring porphyrias. Despite the need for a sensitive and rapid bioanalytical method for accurate quantification of PPIX in biospecimens, no reliable validation of an LC-MS/MS method is available due to challenges related to its chemical instability, poor solubility, and tendency to aggregate. This work is the first to present a fully validated, sensitive, and rapid LC-MS/MS method for determining PPIX levels in human plasma, blood, and brain tumors. The method overcomes stability concerns, achieving a 3.5-min total run-time with a concentration range of 1-2000 nmol/L for plasma and tumors, and 10-2000 nmol/L for blood. Application of the method in a clinical trial, which assesses sonodynamic therapy for HGG patients, shows significant PPIX production, peaking in plasma and blood six hours post-5-ALA administration. In recurrent HGG patients, PPIX levels were notably higher in gadolinium-enhancing tumor regions compared to non-enhancing areas, indicating preferential accumulation in tumors."],"journal":["Scientific reports"],"pagination":["21521"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12217841"],"repository":["biostudies-literature"],"pubmed_title":["Protoporphyrin IX plasma and blood pharmacokinetics and brain tumor distribution determined by a validated LC-MS/MS method."],"pmcid":["PMC12217841"],"pubmed_authors":["Sanai N","Knight W","Margaryan T","Shaik K","Tovmasyan A"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Protoporphyrin IX plasma and blood pharmacokinetics and brain tumor distribution determined by a validated LC-MS/MS method.","description":"Protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) is a fluorescent metabolite in the heme biosynthesis pathway, and cancer cells accumulate it when 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), a precursor, is administered. In the U.S., 5-ALA is approved for visualizing high-grade gliomas (HGG) during fluorescence-guided surgery. PPIX is also central to experimental photodynamic and sonodynamic therapies for HGG. Additionally, PPIX measurement is critical for diagnosing and monitoring porphyrias. Despite the need for a sensitive and rapid bioanalytical method for accurate quantification of PPIX in biospecimens, no reliable validation of an LC-MS/MS method is available due to challenges related to its chemical instability, poor solubility, and tendency to aggregate. This work is the first to present a fully validated, sensitive, and rapid LC-MS/MS method for determining PPIX levels in human plasma, blood, and brain tumors. The method overcomes stability concerns, achieving a 3.5-min total run-time with a concentration range of 1-2000 nmol/L for plasma and tumors, and 10-2000 nmol/L for blood. Application of the method in a clinical trial, which assesses sonodynamic therapy for HGG patients, shows significant PPIX production, peaking in plasma and blood six hours post-5-ALA administration. In recurrent HGG patients, PPIX levels were notably higher in gadolinium-enhancing tumor regions compared to non-enhancing areas, indicating preferential accumulation in tumors.","dates":{"release":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","publication":"2025 Jul","modification":"2026-05-26T11:04:10.874Z","creation":"2026-05-24T03:07:14.339Z"},"accession":"S-EPMC12217841","cross_references":{"pubmed":["40595976"],"doi":["10.1038/s41598-025-05780-w"]}}