biostudies-literatureUnknown10(25)Ruffini EIn this work, a Design-of-Experiments (DoE) methodology was adopted to study and optimize the ultrasonication process of lignin in water to obtain lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) so as to establish qualitative and quantitative cause-effect relationships between the operating variables (i.e., lignin concentration, processing time, and sonication amplitude) and the distinctive features of the so-obtained nanostructured materials. Monitoring the evolution of the chemical, physical, morphological, and thermal characteristics of lignin upon ultrasonic irradiation enabled the identification of the most relevant process parameters (viz., factors) affecting the average particle size and shape, concentration of hydroxyl/carboxyl groups, and suspended fraction of particles, which were taken as the targeACS omega27585-27597https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12224091biostudies-literatureNanolignin by Ultrasonication: Tuning the Process for Tailored Materials Characteristics.PMC12224091Turri SGriffini GBellinetto ERuffini EfalseNanolignin by Ultrasonication: Tuning the Process for Tailored Materials Characteristics.In this work, a Design-of-Experiments (DoE) methodology was adopted to study and optimize the ultrasonication process of lignin in water to obtain lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) so as to establish qualitative and quantitative cause-effect relationships between the operating variables (i.e., lignin concentration, processing time, and sonication amplitude) and the distinctive features of the so-obtained nanostructured materials. Monitoring the evolution of the chemical, physical, morphological, and thermal characteristics of lignin upon ultrasonic irradiation enabled the identification of the most relevant process parameters (viz., factors) affecting the average particle size and shape, concentration of hydroxyl/carboxyl groups, and suspended fraction of particles, which were taken as the targe2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Jul2026-05-09T17:51:27.873Z2026-04-08T01:07:01.697ZS-EPMC122240914062097310.1021/acsomega.5c03665