biostudies-literatureAvolio AWMinistero della Salute645-664https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12226705biostudies-literatureUnknown77(3)More liver transplants (LT) are performed worldwide thanks to extended criteria donors (ECD). This is paralleled by a supposed increased risk of allograft failure (AF) at 90 and 365 days. This study has been designed to portray the LT practice worldwide and investigate models of AF prediction and the impact of risk mitigation strategies for further improving graft and patient outcomes. This is a multicenter, international, non-competitive, observational two segment study on consecutive LTs over two periods (2017-2019 and 2022-2024). A steering committee of LT experts defined the study protocol. The prospective segment will enroll 750 patients from 15 high-volume LT centers (50 per center), and the retrospective segment will enrol 4200 patients from 56 LT centers (75 per center). To provideUpdates in surgeryProtocol for an international multicenter, prospective, observational, non-competitive, study to validate and optimise prediction models of 90-day and 1-year allograft failure after liver transplantation: The global IMPROVEMENT Study.PMC12226705RF-2021-12372422Burra PBraun FJunrungsee SIto TGuo ZQuintini CHu ZDe Santibanes MPerini MVand the global IMPROVEMENT study groupFeiwen DTandoi FCillo UEgawa HTisone GChen ZCiccarelli OSubhash GBoin IOniscu GWiederkehr JLesurtel MPasciuto TRela MPatel MHammond JMonakhov ANoonthasoot BAgopian VPerera TCaccamo LMazzaferro VDe Carlis LNadalin SGiannarelli DRomagnoli RSalame EDi Benedetto FCescon MGrat MTesta GGarcia-Guix MGastaca MMaluf DGruttadauria SVivarelli MMejia GEkser BMabrut JYNghia NQSpoletini GCarraro APulitano CVennarecci GCroome KCamagni SSudhindran SGhinolfi DMartins PNEttorre GMNguyen BMTaner TPascale MMPravisani RBalci DLai QAvolio AWPolak WGSapisochin GLeipnitz IfalseProtocol for an international multicenter, prospective, observational, non-competitive, study to validate and optimise prediction models of 90-day and 1-year allograft failure after liver transplantation: The global IMPROVEMENT Study.More liver transplants (LT) are performed worldwide thanks to extended criteria donors (ECD). This is paralleled by a supposed increased risk of allograft failure (AF) at 90 and 365 days. This study has been designed to portray the LT practice worldwide and investigate models of AF prediction and the impact of risk mitigation strategies for further improving graft and patient outcomes. This is a multicenter, international, non-competitive, observational two segment study on consecutive LTs over two periods (2017-2019 and 2022-2024). A steering committee of LT experts defined the study protocol. The prospective segment will enroll 750 patients from 15 high-volume LT centers (50 per center), and the retrospective segment will enrol 4200 patients from 56 LT centers (75 per center). To provide2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Jun2026-06-02T08:44:50.14Z2026-04-16T03:12:49.631ZS-EPMC122267054014644410.1007/s13304-025-02078-4