biostudies-literaturePerez-Diaz CCarlos III Health InstituteMinisterio de Ciencia e InnovaciónMinisterio de Asuntos Económicos y Transformación Digital, Gobierno de EspañaEuropean Regional Development Fund112876https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12270682biostudies-literatureUnknown28(7)The aim of this study was to investigate associations between human exposure to persistent organic pollutants and sex hormone levels. The study population (<i>n</i> = 253) was a subsample of GraMo adult cohort, recruited in 2003-2004 in two hospitals from Granada, Spain. Exposure was estimated by analyzing samples of adipose tissue (3 organochlorine pesticides and 3 polychlorinated biphenyls) and serum (4 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances). Data analyses included robust linear regression and weighted quantile sum regression. In men, PFNA (positively) and PCB-138 (negatively) were associated with testosterone. In premenopausal women, OCPs and PCBs were negatively associated with estradiol and SHBG. PFHxS was inversely related to luteinizing hormone. Additionally, PCB-153 and -180 was posiiScienceAssociations of internal persistent organic pollutant levels with sex hormones: An analysis by sex and menopausal status in a Spanish cohort.PMC12270682PI20/01568PI16/01812PI16/01858RYC-2016-20155PI18/01573Ramos JJArrebola JPMartin-Olmedo PPerez-Diaz COlea NPerez-Carrascosa FMEcheverria RSalcedo-Bellido IRequena PBarrios-Rodriguez RFernandez MFfalseAssociations of internal persistent organic pollutant levels with sex hormones: An analysis by sex and menopausal status in a Spanish cohort.The aim of this study was to investigate associations between human exposure to persistent organic pollutants and sex hormone levels. The study population (<i>n</i> = 253) was a subsample of GraMo adult cohort, recruited in 2003-2004 in two hospitals from Granada, Spain. Exposure was estimated by analyzing samples of adipose tissue (3 organochlorine pesticides and 3 polychlorinated biphenyls) and serum (4 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances). Data analyses included robust linear regression and weighted quantile sum regression. In men, PFNA (positively) and PCB-138 (negatively) were associated with testosterone. In premenopausal women, OCPs and PCBs were negatively associated with estradiol and SHBG. PFHxS was inversely related to luteinizing hormone. Additionally, PCB-153 and -180 was posi2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Jul2026-03-31T10:20:21.261Z2025-08-27T03:06:47.328ZS-EPMC122706824067852810.1016/j.isci.2025.112876