biostudies-literatureWang YHeath and Medical Research Fund1086https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12299568biostudies-literatureUnknown15(7)<h4>Background</h4>Insomnia is one of the most prevalent health concerns and has a major impact on human health and quality of life. Increasing evidence indicates the gut microbiota's role in sleep regulation through the gut-brain axis. This systematic review aims to summarise current evidence on the role of gut microbiota alterations in insomnia.<h4>Methods</h4>We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library through November 2024 for case-control studies comparing gut microbiota in insomnia subjects and controls. The primary outcome was changes in microbiota diversity and bacteria taxonomy.<h4>Results</h4>We included 15 case-control studies from 14 articles, consisting of 1321 subjects (603 insomnia; 718 controls). Eight studies showed reduced alpha diversity and eleven showed altered beLife (Basel, Switzerland)The Role of Gut Microbiota in Insomnia: A Systematic Review of Case-Control Studies.PMC1229956824230222Chan YLChan FKLLi CSu QChan NYWang YChen SNg SCXie SWing YKfalseThe Role of Gut Microbiota in Insomnia: A Systematic Review of Case-Control Studies.<h4>Background</h4>Insomnia is one of the most prevalent health concerns and has a major impact on human health and quality of life. Increasing evidence indicates the gut microbiota's role in sleep regulation through the gut-brain axis. This systematic review aims to summarise current evidence on the role of gut microbiota alterations in insomnia.<h4>Methods</h4>We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library through November 2024 for case-control studies comparing gut microbiota in insomnia subjects and controls. The primary outcome was changes in microbiota diversity and bacteria taxonomy.<h4>Results</h4>We included 15 case-control studies from 14 articles, consisting of 1321 subjects (603 insomnia; 718 controls). Eight studies showed reduced alpha diversity and eleven showed altered be2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Jul2025-08-17T03:06:24.18Z2025-08-17T03:06:24.18ZS-EPMC122995684072458810.3390/life15071086