biostudies-literatureUnknown122(1)Baxter JB<h4>Background</h4>In Pakistan, maternal micronutrient deficiencies are highly prevalent, and stunting affects 43% of infants by 6-mo postpartum. Human milk composition for some micronutrients can be negatively affected by suboptimal maternal nutrition; however, it is unknown whether this affects infant growth.<h4>Objectives</h4>We aimed to determine whether mothers receiving multiple micronutrient supplements (MMSs) compared with standard of care had 1) greater concentrations of iodine, vitamins A, E, and B12, and folate in their milk at 3-mo postpartum; and 2) improved growth of their offspring. Associations between milk micronutrients and infant growth were also explored.<h4>Methods</h4>This substudy was nested within a district-based, cluster-randomized, controlled trial (MaPPS Trial; The American journal of clinical nutrition174-184https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12308085biostudies-literatureMaternal multiple micronutrient supplementation in rural Pakistan increased some milk micronutrient concentrations, but not infant growth, at three-months postpartum: a randomized controlled trial substudy.PMC12308085Hussain AO'Connor DLIqbal JDuan LHuang CGreco ABaxter JBWasan YBhutta ZAAufreiter SBegum KSoofi SDaniel AIBeggs MRBandsma RHfalseMaternal multiple micronutrient supplementation in rural Pakistan increased some milk micronutrient concentrations, but not infant growth, at three-months postpartum: a randomized controlled trial substudy.<h4>Background</h4>In Pakistan, maternal micronutrient deficiencies are highly prevalent, and stunting affects 43% of infants by 6-mo postpartum. Human milk composition for some micronutrients can be negatively affected by suboptimal maternal nutrition; however, it is unknown whether this affects infant growth.<h4>Objectives</h4>We aimed to determine whether mothers receiving multiple micronutrient supplements (MMSs) compared with standard of care had 1) greater concentrations of iodine, vitamins A, E, and B12, and folate in their milk at 3-mo postpartum; and 2) improved growth of their offspring. Associations between milk micronutrients and infant growth were also explored.<h4>Methods</h4>This substudy was nested within a district-based, cluster-randomized, controlled trial (MaPPS Trial; 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Jul2026-03-31T10:36:52.283Z2025-08-24T03:06:50.626ZS-EPMC123080854040946910.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.05.019