biostudies-literatureMeng Mthe National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaBeijing Natural Science Foundation1289https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12315313biostudies-literatureUnknown25(1)<h4>Background</h4>The development of the palate is a complex and continuous process, occurring in a series of stages with cartilage of being particular significance. Chondrogenesis is influenced by many factors such as metabolism, and hypoxia which are also risk factors for cleft palate. Hypoxia can increase the intracellular lactate levels due to increased glycolysis. However, the precise role of lactate in palatal cartilage development remains unclear.<h4>Methods</h4>Mouse embryonic palatal mesenchyme (MEPM) cells isolated from embryonic day 13.5 (E13.5) and E12.5 were obtained and characterized using immunofluorescence. Subsequently, following a 21-day induction culture in a chondrogenic medium, the MEPM cells were subjected to alcian blue staining and to quantitative real-time PCR to BMC oral healthLactate inhibits mouse embryonic palatal mesenchyme cells chondrogenesis through AKT-PKM2 axis.PMC12315313725205982170912Peng XZheng XWang SMeng MWang XGuo CDu JWang ZZhao XfalseLactate inhibits mouse embryonic palatal mesenchyme cells chondrogenesis through AKT-PKM2 axis.<h4>Background</h4>The development of the palate is a complex and continuous process, occurring in a series of stages with cartilage of being particular significance. Chondrogenesis is influenced by many factors such as metabolism, and hypoxia which are also risk factors for cleft palate. Hypoxia can increase the intracellular lactate levels due to increased glycolysis. However, the precise role of lactate in palatal cartilage development remains unclear.<h4>Methods</h4>Mouse embryonic palatal mesenchyme (MEPM) cells isolated from embryonic day 13.5 (E13.5) and E12.5 were obtained and characterized using immunofluorescence. Subsequently, following a 21-day induction culture in a chondrogenic medium, the MEPM cells were subjected to alcian blue staining and to quantitative real-time PCR to 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Jul2026-03-31T10:45:05.834Z2025-08-27T03:07:12.36ZS-EPMC123153134074529710.1186/s12903-025-06632-9