{"database":"biostudies-literature","file_versions":[],"scores":null,"additional":{"omics_type":["Unknown"],"volume":["6(1)"],"submitter":["Slavikova A"],"pubmed_abstract":["Muscle loss can severely affect movement and physiological functions, driving interest in artificial muscle development. Although various soft actuators exist, ensuring biocompatibility-especially in terms of heat transfer and non-cytotoxicity-remains a key challenge. To address these issues, here we develop <b>Bio35</b>, a low-voltage (3.6 V) electrothermal actuator that operates at mild hyperthermic temperatures (38.9 °C). <b>Bio35</b> is synthesized using a one-pot, solvent-free process with Epikote 828, poly(propyleneglycol) bis (2-amino-propyl-ether) (PPG), and 1,4-diamino-diphenyl-sulfone (DDS). It demonstrates high chemical stability, maintaining actuation performance after more than 100 cycles over 200 min. Initial biological tests confirm that these materials are biocompatible and non-cytotoxic. As proof of concept, we demonstrate two systems: a simple gripper capable of holding objects up to 225 mg and a sphincter-like valve, showcasing its potential for use in treating conditions like urinary incontinence, where precise, muscle-like actuation is critical for function."],"journal":["Communications materials"],"pagination":["174"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12325083"],"repository":["biostudies-literature"],"pubmed_title":["Biocompatible low-voltage electrothermal actuators with biological operational temperature range."],"pmcid":["PMC12325083"],"pubmed_authors":["Villeda-Hernandez M","Armstrong JPK","Kwasniewska J","Slavikova A","Coekin A","Good T","Baker BC","Aleemardani M","Snethen H","Faul CFJ"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Biocompatible low-voltage electrothermal actuators with biological operational temperature range.","description":"Muscle loss can severely affect movement and physiological functions, driving interest in artificial muscle development. Although various soft actuators exist, ensuring biocompatibility-especially in terms of heat transfer and non-cytotoxicity-remains a key challenge. To address these issues, here we develop <b>Bio35</b>, a low-voltage (3.6 V) electrothermal actuator that operates at mild hyperthermic temperatures (38.9 °C). <b>Bio35</b> is synthesized using a one-pot, solvent-free process with Epikote 828, poly(propyleneglycol) bis (2-amino-propyl-ether) (PPG), and 1,4-diamino-diphenyl-sulfone (DDS). It demonstrates high chemical stability, maintaining actuation performance after more than 100 cycles over 200 min. Initial biological tests confirm that these materials are biocompatible and non-cytotoxic. As proof of concept, we demonstrate two systems: a simple gripper capable of holding objects up to 225 mg and a sphincter-like valve, showcasing its potential for use in treating conditions like urinary incontinence, where precise, muscle-like actuation is critical for function.","dates":{"release":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","publication":"2025","modification":"2026-05-01T18:34:50.462Z","creation":"2026-04-07T17:09:22.877Z"},"accession":"S-EPMC12325083","cross_references":{"pubmed":["40778237"],"doi":["10.1038/s43246-025-00893-1"]}}