biostudies-literatureUnknownLempres SMJacobs FoundationNIMH NIH HHSNational Institute of Mental HealthNational Science FoundationThe emotion socialization behaviors that caregivers engage in with their own children are influenced, in part, by their own emotional responses to situations. One theory of why caregivers' behaviors differ in response to different child emotions centers on variability in caregiver discomfort around these emotions. Further, this discomfort is postulated to stem from a caregivers' experience during their emotional expressions in childhood with their own caregivers (hereinafter called "remembered" caregiving). However, limited research exists on the interplay between caregivers' remembered caregiving experiences and their own discomfort in response to children's emotions. This study aimed to explore (a) the association between valence of children's emotions and caregiver discomfort, (b) diffeEmotion (Washington, D.C.)https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12327770biostudies-literatureCaregiver discomfort in response to children's emotion displays.PMC123277702017-1261-05T32MH0189212042285T32 MH018921Lempres SMHumphreys KLBailes LGfalseCaregiver discomfort in response to children's emotion displays.The emotion socialization behaviors that caregivers engage in with their own children are influenced, in part, by their own emotional responses to situations. One theory of why caregivers' behaviors differ in response to different child emotions centers on variability in caregiver discomfort around these emotions. Further, this discomfort is postulated to stem from a caregivers' experience during their emotional expressions in childhood with their own caregivers (hereinafter called "remembered" caregiving). However, limited research exists on the interplay between caregivers' remembered caregiving experiences and their own discomfort in response to children's emotions. This study aimed to explore (a) the association between valence of children's emotions and caregiver discomfort, (b) diffe2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Aug2026-04-12T15:14:44.071Z2026-04-07T13:17:46.046ZS-EPMC123277704075824810.1037/emo0001567