biostudies-literatureNamazzi RNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and StrokeNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney DiseaseNIDDK NIH HHSFIC NIH HHSNIAID NIH HHSFogarty International CenterNINDS NIH HHSNational Institutes of HealthRalph W. and Grace M. ShowalterNational Institutes of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesNIH HHS285-297https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12349948biostudies-literatureUnknown232(2)<h4>Background</h4>Recently, there has been an unexplained increase in the incidence of blackwater fever (BWF) in Eastern Uganda. In this study, we evaluated the association between immune complexes, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, and the occurrence and recurrence of BWF in children with severe malaria (SM).<h4>Methods</h4>Between 2014 and 2017, children aged 6 months to <4 years hospitalized with SM and community children (CC) were recruited at 2 hospitals in Central and Eastern Uganda. We measured serum circulating immune complexes (cIC) and their relationship to SM complications and postdischarge outcomes, and evaluated effect mediation through G6PD deficiency.<h4>Results</h4>In total, 557 children with SM and 101 CC were enrolled. The mean age was 2.1 years. ChildThe Journal of infectious diseasesCirculating Immune Complexes and Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency Predict Recurrent Blackwater Fever in Ugandan Children With Severe Malaria.PMC12349948R21AI151349T32DK120524R21 AI151349D43 TW010928R01 NS055349T32 DK120524R01NS055349Goings MGConroy ALLiepmann CKazinga COpoka ROAbreu MMellencamp KADatta DRodriguez AWare RESchwantes-An THJohn CCSherman JLima-Cooper GNamazzi RLacerda MfalseCirculating Immune Complexes and Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency Predict Recurrent Blackwater Fever in Ugandan Children With Severe Malaria.<h4>Background</h4>Recently, there has been an unexplained increase in the incidence of blackwater fever (BWF) in Eastern Uganda. In this study, we evaluated the association between immune complexes, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, and the occurrence and recurrence of BWF in children with severe malaria (SM).<h4>Methods</h4>Between 2014 and 2017, children aged 6 months to <4 years hospitalized with SM and community children (CC) were recruited at 2 hospitals in Central and Eastern Uganda. We measured serum circulating immune complexes (cIC) and their relationship to SM complications and postdischarge outcomes, and evaluated effect mediation through G6PD deficiency.<h4>Results</h4>In total, 557 children with SM and 101 CC were enrolled. The mean age was 2.1 years. Child2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Aug2026-05-10T04:53:33.556Z2026-04-08T01:32:28.064ZS-EPMC123499483920845110.1093/infdis/jiae431