biostudies-literatureUnknown13Awhida-Robinson AK<h4>Background</h4>Phylogeography is based on the principle that species exhibit genetic structure shaped by biogeographic, ecological or environmental barriers, using both genetic and geographic components, offering valuable insights into evolutionary processes. In marine organisms, gene structure is influenced by life histories, geological events, and oceanographic conditions. The Greater Caribbean (GC), is a biogeographic region spanning from North Carolina, United States to northern Guyana, comprising three provinces: Northern, Central and Southern Caribbean. South of the GC is the Brazilian biogeographic province. Bellow the Amazonas-Orinoco plume the Great Amazon Reef System is present having mesophotic reefs situated beneath the freshwater discharge of the river. Each province is dePeerJe19415https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12352425biostudies-literatureInfluence of the Great Amazon Reef System and Pleistocene sea-level drops on the phylogeography of &lt;i&gt;Haemulon aurolineatum&lt;/i&gt; (Haemulidae).PMC12352425Monroy MDominguez-Dominguez OSolis-Guzman MGPerez-Rodriguez RLasso-Alcala OMPineros VJTorres-Hernandez EAwhida-Robinson AKAngulo ASimoes NfalseInfluence of the Great Amazon Reef System and Pleistocene sea-level drops on the phylogeography of &lt;i&gt;Haemulon aurolineatum&lt;/i&gt; (Haemulidae).<h4>Background</h4>Phylogeography is based on the principle that species exhibit genetic structure shaped by biogeographic, ecological or environmental barriers, using both genetic and geographic components, offering valuable insights into evolutionary processes. In marine organisms, gene structure is influenced by life histories, geological events, and oceanographic conditions. The Greater Caribbean (GC), is a biogeographic region spanning from North Carolina, United States to northern Guyana, comprising three provinces: Northern, Central and Southern Caribbean. South of the GC is the Brazilian biogeographic province. Bellow the Amazonas-Orinoco plume the Great Amazon Reef System is present having mesophotic reefs situated beneath the freshwater discharge of the river. Each province is de2025-01-01T00:00:00Z20252026-07-15T06:26:25.217Z2026-07-01T03:07:03.834ZS-EPMC123524254082197410.7717/peerj.19415