biostudies-literatureUnknown2025Asefa ET<b>Background:</b> Heart failure (HF) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in low-resource settings like Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess time to mortality and identify key predictors among adult HF patients at Jimma Medical Center (JMC). <b>Methods:</b> A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 356 adult HF patients admitted to JMC between 2022 and 2023. Survival probabilities were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and Cox proportional hazard regression was used to identify mortality predictors. <b>Results:</b> Among 356 HF patients, 15.7% (95% CI: 12.2%-19.8%) died during the study period. The median hospital stay was 11 days (IQR: 7-17), and the median age was 55 years (IQR: 38-65). Key predictors of higher mortality included hypertension (AHR: 4.6, 95% CI: 1.88-11.61, <i>p</i> < 0.001), pneumonia (AHR: 4.3, 95% CI: 1.15-15.78, <i>p</i> = 0.031), anemia (AHR: 3.3, 95% CI: 1.17-9.06, <i>p</i> = 0.023), acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (AHR: 4.4, 95% CI: 1.9-10.09, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and hyponatremia (AHR: 2.9, 95% CI: 1.44-5.99, <i>p</i> = 0.003). Each unit increase in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was linked to a 7% and 4% lower mortality risk, respectively (<i>p</i> = 0.035). A higher pulse rate was associated with a 4% increased mortality risk. Patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) had a six-fold higher mortality risk compared to those with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) (AHR: 6.1, 95% CI: 1.79-24.4, <i>p</i> = 0.008). <b>Conclusion:</b> This study identifies key mortality predictors for HF patients in a resource-limited setting, including hypertension, pneumonia, anemia, AMI, and hyponatremia. The findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions, improved management strategies, and policies to reduce HF mortality in low-resource environments. Further research is needed to refine these findings and enhance care for HF patients in such settings.Cardiology research and practice3968055https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12352995biostudies-literatureTime to Mortality and Predictive Factors Among Adult Heart Failure Patients: Lessons From a Resource-Limited Setting.PMC12352995Abera EGBame HFAsefa ETWoyimo TGfalseTime to Mortality and Predictive Factors Among Adult Heart Failure Patients: Lessons From a Resource-Limited Setting.<b>Background:</b> Heart failure (HF) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in low-resource settings like Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess time to mortality and identify key predictors among adult HF patients at Jimma Medical Center (JMC). <b>Methods:</b> A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 356 adult HF patients admitted to JMC between 2022 and 2023. Survival probabilities were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and Cox proportional hazard regression was used to identify mortality predictors. <b>Results:</b> Among 356 HF patients, 15.7% (95% CI: 12.2%-19.8%) died during the study period. The median hospital stay was 11 days (IQR: 7-17), and the median age was 55 years (IQR: 38-65). Key predictors of higher mortality included hypertension (AHR: 4.6, 95% CI: 1.88-11.61, <i>p</i> < 0.001), pneumonia (AHR: 4.3, 95% CI: 1.15-15.78, <i>p</i> = 0.031), anemia (AHR: 3.3, 95% CI: 1.17-9.06, <i>p</i> = 0.023), acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (AHR: 4.4, 95% CI: 1.9-10.09, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and hyponatremia (AHR: 2.9, 95% CI: 1.44-5.99, <i>p</i> = 0.003). Each unit increase in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was linked to a 7% and 4% lower mortality risk, respectively (<i>p</i> = 0.035). A higher pulse rate was associated with a 4% increased mortality risk. Patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) had a six-fold higher mortality risk compared to those with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) (AHR: 6.1, 95% CI: 1.79-24.4, <i>p</i> = 0.008). <b>Conclusion:</b> This study identifies key mortality predictors for HF patients in a resource-limited setting, including hypertension, pneumonia, anemia, AMI, and hyponatremia. The findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions, improved management strategies, and policies to reduce HF mortality in low-resource environments. Further research is needed to refine these findings and enhance care for HF patients in such settings.2025-01-01T00:00:00Z20252026-05-01T21:06:03.351Z2026-04-07T17:16:28.326ZS-EPMC123529954082166110.1155/crp/3968055