biostudies-literatureUnknownPellegrino RNIDCD NIH HHSNINDS NIH HHSIn vision and hearing, standardized units such as lumens (for brightness) and decibels (for loudness) allow consistent quantification of stimulus intensity, enabling precise control of sensory experiences. Olfaction, by contrast, currently lacks a robust quantitative framework linking physical stimulus properties directly to perceived odor intensity, complicating efforts to accurately characterize and manipulate aromas. To bridge this gap, we used a precisely controlled odor delivery system combined with deep learning models to predict the intensity of both single molecules and mixtures from physical properties. These models allowed us to develop an automated, quantitative method that accurately identifies which volatile components meaningfully contribute to aroma perception, overcoming thbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology2025.08.08.668954https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12363845biostudies-literatureA quantitative framework for predicting odor intensity across molecule and mixtures.PMC12363845R01 DC018455R01 DC017757R01 DC013339T32 DC000014F32 DC020380U19 NS112953Ihara YAndres MPellegrino RKoulakov AMainland JDGerkin RCSamoilova KSingh VfalseA quantitative framework for predicting odor intensity across molecule and mixtures.In vision and hearing, standardized units such as lumens (for brightness) and decibels (for loudness) allow consistent quantification of stimulus intensity, enabling precise control of sensory experiences. Olfaction, by contrast, currently lacks a robust quantitative framework linking physical stimulus properties directly to perceived odor intensity, complicating efforts to accurately characterize and manipulate aromas. To bridge this gap, we used a precisely controlled odor delivery system combined with deep learning models to predict the intensity of both single molecules and mixtures from physical properties. These models allowed us to develop an automated, quantitative method that accurately identifies which volatile components meaningfully contribute to aroma perception, overcoming th2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Aug2026-04-08T11:46:27.444Z2026-04-08T02:07:53.644ZS-EPMC123638454083225910.1101/2025.08.08.668954