biostudies-literatureUnknown20(8)Zhang YIn the field of low-carbon design, the collection and quantitative analysis of carbon footprint data are vital for reducing the environmental impact of products. This paper proposes a carbon footprint calculation method based on the product life cycle, using Cleer's STAGE Bluetooth speaker as a case study. By integrating greenhouse gas (GHG) emission data from the GaBi database with the life cycle assessment (LCA) theory and the PAS 2050 standard, a carbon emission quantification model and calculation method for Bluetooth speakers have been developed. Results indicate that the STAGE Bluetooth speaker has a total carbon footprint of 227.01 kgCO₂e across its life cycle. The use stage contributes the most (72.77%, 165.2 kgCO₂e), followed by transportation (25.23%, 57.28 kgCO₂e), raw material PloS onee0327576https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12367186biostudies-literatureDeveloping a carbon footprint calculation method for product life cycle based on low-carbon design: A case study of the STAGE Bluetooth speaker.PMC12367186Zhang YYao SChen YfalseDeveloping a carbon footprint calculation method for product life cycle based on low-carbon design: A case study of the STAGE Bluetooth speaker.In the field of low-carbon design, the collection and quantitative analysis of carbon footprint data are vital for reducing the environmental impact of products. This paper proposes a carbon footprint calculation method based on the product life cycle, using Cleer's STAGE Bluetooth speaker as a case study. By integrating greenhouse gas (GHG) emission data from the GaBi database with the life cycle assessment (LCA) theory and the PAS 2050 standard, a carbon emission quantification model and calculation method for Bluetooth speakers have been developed. Results indicate that the STAGE Bluetooth speaker has a total carbon footprint of 227.01 kgCO₂e across its life cycle. The use stage contributes the most (72.77%, 165.2 kgCO₂e), followed by transportation (25.23%, 57.28 kgCO₂e), raw material 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z20252026-05-07T00:15:56.799Z2026-04-07T22:21:40.776ZS-EPMC123671864083396310.1371/journal.pone.0327576