biostudies-literatureUnknown10(32)Thatte CThe number of disorders linked to deficiencies in vital ions, such as calcium (Ca2+) and potassium (K+), has dramatically increased in recent years. Numerous research studies have proposed the development of a sensor for early detection; however, the bulk of these investigations include the time-consuming process of drawing blood samples for testing. To overcome these challenges, this research highlights the development of a novel portable microneedle-based device for the multiplexed detection of Ca2+ and K+, as well as pH, in artificial interstitial fluid (ISF). A passivation layer of ArCare was investigated to improve the stability, reliability, and repeatability of the microneedle sensors, enhancing their sensitivity and accuracy. Microneedle sensors were modified with Poly-(3,4-ethylenACS omega36203-36215https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12368728biostudies-literatureA Microneedle-Based Electrochemical Sensor with Multiplex Detection in Physiological Environment and Incorporated in a Portable Device.PMC12368728Thatte CFerreira CGalvin PTeixeira SRCioce VO'Keeffe EBarry FfalseA Microneedle-Based Electrochemical Sensor with Multiplex Detection in Physiological Environment and Incorporated in a Portable Device.The number of disorders linked to deficiencies in vital ions, such as calcium (Ca2+) and potassium (K+), has dramatically increased in recent years. Numerous research studies have proposed the development of a sensor for early detection; however, the bulk of these investigations include the time-consuming process of drawing blood samples for testing. To overcome these challenges, this research highlights the development of a novel portable microneedle-based device for the multiplexed detection of Ca2+ and K+, as well as pH, in artificial interstitial fluid (ISF). A passivation layer of ArCare was investigated to improve the stability, reliability, and repeatability of the microneedle sensors, enhancing their sensitivity and accuracy. Microneedle sensors were modified with Poly-(3,4-ethylen2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Aug2026-05-09T00:13:34.413Z2026-04-08T00:17:42.745ZS-EPMC123687284085225210.1021/acsomega.5c04024