biostudies-literatureLiran DUnited States - Israel Binational Science FoundationGordon and Betty Moore FoundationIsrael Science FoundationArmy Research OfficeDivision of Materials ResearchAir Force Office of Scientific Research12503-12508https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12371871biostudies-literatureUnknown25(33)The next generation of photonic circuits will require programmable, subnanosecond, and energy-efficient components on a scalable platform for quantum and neuromorphic computing. Here, we present subnanosecond electrical control of highly nonlinear light-matter hybrid quasi-particles, called waveguide exciton-dipolaritons, in a highly scalable waveguide-on-chip geometry, and with extremely low power consumption. Our device performs as an optical transistor with a GHz-rate electrical modulation at a record-low total energy consumption <8 fJ/bit and a compact active area of down to 25 μm². This work establishes waveguide-dipolariton platforms for scalable, electrically reconfigurable, ultralow power photonic circuits for both classical and quantum computing and communication.Nano lettersSubnanosecond Electrical Control of Dipolariton-Based Optical Circuits with a Few Femtojoule per Bit Power Consumption.PMC12371871N031710W911NF2510055FA2386-21-1-406620197371087/22DMR 2004287GBMF9615DMR 2011750Pfeiffer LRapaport RBaldwin KLiran DDeng HfalseSubnanosecond Electrical Control of Dipolariton-Based Optical Circuits with a Few Femtojoule per Bit Power Consumption.The next generation of photonic circuits will require programmable, subnanosecond, and energy-efficient components on a scalable platform for quantum and neuromorphic computing. Here, we present subnanosecond electrical control of highly nonlinear light-matter hybrid quasi-particles, called waveguide exciton-dipolaritons, in a highly scalable waveguide-on-chip geometry, and with extremely low power consumption. Our device performs as an optical transistor with a GHz-rate electrical modulation at a record-low total energy consumption <8 fJ/bit and a compact active area of down to 25 μm². This work establishes waveguide-dipolariton platforms for scalable, electrically reconfigurable, ultralow power photonic circuits for both classical and quantum computing and communication.2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Aug2026-05-08T06:49:02.334Z2026-04-07T23:31:11.164ZS-EPMC123718714077367110.1021/acs.nanolett.5c02461