biostudies-literatureDo TAVietnam Academy of Science and Technology89https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12373626biostudies-literatureUnknown12(1)In the study, we report an effective and one-step chemical treatment for directly isolating microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) with a width of 10-50 μm and length of 100-1000 μm from various agricultural waste sources. This chemical treatment uses a peracetic acid solution combined with 2% H₂SO₄ at 80 °C for 2 h. After this one -step chemical treatment, we observed significant changes in chemical composition. For example, the cellulose percentage substantially increased across all biomass sources: from 26.73 to 55.94% for dragon fruit foliage, and from 41.26 to 64.13% for corn cob, and from 17.86 to 67.38% for banana pseudostem. Simultaneously, the lignin content decreased from 22.05 to 1.03%, 12.74 to 3.76% and 14.27 to 2.73%, respectively for dragon fruit foliage, corn cob, and banana pseuBioresources and bioprocessingA one-step chemical treatment to directly isolate microcrystalline cellulose from lignocellulose source.PMC12373626TĐNSH0.03/22-24Do TALe THNguyen TMCNguyen THNNguyen VQfalseA one-step chemical treatment to directly isolate microcrystalline cellulose from lignocellulose source.In the study, we report an effective and one-step chemical treatment for directly isolating microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) with a width of 10-50 μm and length of 100-1000 μm from various agricultural waste sources. This chemical treatment uses a peracetic acid solution combined with 2% H₂SO₄ at 80 °C for 2 h. After this one -step chemical treatment, we observed significant changes in chemical composition. For example, the cellulose percentage substantially increased across all biomass sources: from 26.73 to 55.94% for dragon fruit foliage, and from 41.26 to 64.13% for corn cob, and from 17.86 to 67.38% for banana pseudostem. Simultaneously, the lignin content decreased from 22.05 to 1.03%, 12.74 to 3.76% and 14.27 to 2.73%, respectively for dragon fruit foliage, corn cob, and banana pseu2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Aug2026-05-09T10:42:21.99Z2026-04-08T00:47:27.809ZS-EPMC123736264084455110.1186/s40643-025-00920-6