{"database":"biostudies-literature","file_versions":[],"scores":null,"additional":{"omics_type":["Unknown"],"volume":["22(1)"],"submitter":["S Johonnuson EM"],"funding":["Copenhagen University"],"pubmed_abstract":["Background
Plasma is the most used clinical specimen, yet diurnal variation in plasma proteins remains largely unexplored. We aimed to identify diurnally-regulated proteins in healthy individuals and assess their potential diagnostic implications, and highlight how diurnal awareness can advance future biomarker research.Methods
Twenty-four healthy young individuals were studied under highly controlled conditions. Venous blood was drawn every three hours over a 24-h period, yielding 216 samples, of which 208 high-quality plasma samples were analyzed via high-throughput mass spectrometry. The missing data were filtered and imputed, and rhythmicity was assessed using Cosinor-based modeling with Benjamini-Hochberg correction. Tissue and pathway enrichment analyses were performed using the DAVID functional annotation tool.Findings
Of 523 proteins that passed quality thresholds, 138 (~ 26%) exhibited significant diurnal oscillations. Tissue enrichment analysis revealed that most rhythmic proteins originated from the liver and platelets, with additional enrichment in a variety of tissue types. Pathway enrichment showed diurnal regulation of hemostasis, immune signaling, integrin-mediated processes, glucose metabolism, and protein synthesis. Notably, 36 clinically utilized biomarkers, including albumin, amylase, and cystatin C exhibited diurnal variation, suggesting that failing to account for temporal fluctuations may reduce diagnostic precision.Interpretation
These findings demonstrate that over one-quarter of the human plasma proteome is under diurnal control. Such oscillations might have direct clinical implications, as the time-of-day may alter biomarker accuracy. Incorporating diurnal timing into diagnostic and research protocols, through standardized sampling or time-sensitive reference intervals, could improve patient care and inform future biomarker discoveries. Further research in larger, more diverse populations is needed to generalize these results and streamline practices in a way that takes diurnal variation into account."],"journal":["Clinical proteomics"],"pagination":["29"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12374474"],"repository":["biostudies-literature"],"pubmed_title":["Diurnal rhythm of the human plasma proteome."],"pmcid":["PMC12374474"],"pubmed_authors":["Sennels HP","S Johonnuson EM","Hannibal J","Prus GZ","Wewer Albrechtsen NJ","Rasmussen C","Jorgensen HL","Yeung CC","Nielsen AB"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Diurnal rhythm of the human plasma proteome.","description":"Background
Plasma is the most used clinical specimen, yet diurnal variation in plasma proteins remains largely unexplored. We aimed to identify diurnally-regulated proteins in healthy individuals and assess their potential diagnostic implications, and highlight how diurnal awareness can advance future biomarker research.Methods
Twenty-four healthy young individuals were studied under highly controlled conditions. Venous blood was drawn every three hours over a 24-h period, yielding 216 samples, of which 208 high-quality plasma samples were analyzed via high-throughput mass spectrometry. The missing data were filtered and imputed, and rhythmicity was assessed using Cosinor-based modeling with Benjamini-Hochberg correction. Tissue and pathway enrichment analyses were performed using the DAVID functional annotation tool.Findings
Of 523 proteins that passed quality thresholds, 138 (~ 26%) exhibited significant diurnal oscillations. Tissue enrichment analysis revealed that most rhythmic proteins originated from the liver and platelets, with additional enrichment in a variety of tissue types. Pathway enrichment showed diurnal regulation of hemostasis, immune signaling, integrin-mediated processes, glucose metabolism, and protein synthesis. Notably, 36 clinically utilized biomarkers, including albumin, amylase, and cystatin C exhibited diurnal variation, suggesting that failing to account for temporal fluctuations may reduce diagnostic precision.Interpretation
These findings demonstrate that over one-quarter of the human plasma proteome is under diurnal control. Such oscillations might have direct clinical implications, as the time-of-day may alter biomarker accuracy. Incorporating diurnal timing into diagnostic and research protocols, through standardized sampling or time-sensitive reference intervals, could improve patient care and inform future biomarker discoveries. Further research in larger, more diverse populations is needed to generalize these results and streamline practices in a way that takes diurnal variation into account.","dates":{"release":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","publication":"2025 Aug","modification":"2026-06-30T03:27:09.301Z","creation":"2026-06-30T03:21:31.201Z"},"accession":"S-EPMC12374474","cross_references":{"pubmed":["40846907"],"doi":["10.1186/s12014-025-09551-7"]}}