biostudies-literatureYang CAcademic Excellence Foundation of BUAA for PHD StudentsNational Natural Science Foundation of Chinae05363https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12376673biostudies-literatureUnknown12(31)Liquid-solid triboelectric nanogenerators (LS-TENGs) can be widely utilized for droplet energy harvesting, in which slippery modification of triboelectric layer is crucial for output enhancement. However, classical slippery lubricant-infused surfaces suffer from the blocked triboelectric effect and the poor durability. Herein, a controllable phase separation method is reported to disperse skeleton-enhanced lubricant particles on triboelectric layer, leading to the development of a stretchable slippery triboelectric nanogenerator (SS-TENG) based on a modified slippery triboelectric layer and a liquid metal electrode. The dispersed lubricant particles (DLPs) ensure triboelectric effect between droplet and triboelectric layer, in addition to improving energy harvesting and charge transfer efficiencies. As a result, the open circuit voltage significantly increases from 0.9 to 14.4 V, with a transfer charge density of 6.95 × 10^-3 C m^-2 L^-1. The embedded skeleton within lubricant particle significantly improves the durability of triboelectric layer, ensuring nearly no decline in output performance of SS-TENG during long-term operation. Furthermore, the SS-TENG exhibits stable output even under 300% stretching, as the DLPs remain firmly anchored to triboelectric layer during deformation. Owing to its excellent triboelectric performance, durability, and flexibility, the SS-TENG can be integrated into various objects to harvest raindrop energy and power electronic devices.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)Skeleton Enhanced Dispersed Lubricant Particle Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Droplet Energy Harvesting.PMC12376673U244127352205297T2121003Liu XGuo YZhang LChen HWang YYang CWang ZfalseSkeleton Enhanced Dispersed Lubricant Particle Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Droplet Energy Harvesting.Liquid-solid triboelectric nanogenerators (LS-TENGs) can be widely utilized for droplet energy harvesting, in which slippery modification of triboelectric layer is crucial for output enhancement. However, classical slippery lubricant-infused surfaces suffer from the blocked triboelectric effect and the poor durability. Herein, a controllable phase separation method is reported to disperse skeleton-enhanced lubricant particles on triboelectric layer, leading to the development of a stretchable slippery triboelectric nanogenerator (SS-TENG) based on a modified slippery triboelectric layer and a liquid metal electrode. The dispersed lubricant particles (DLPs) ensure triboelectric effect between droplet and triboelectric layer, in addition to improving energy harvesting and charge transfer efficiencies. As a result, the open circuit voltage significantly increases from 0.9 to 14.4 V, with a transfer charge density of 6.95 × 10^-3 C m^-2 L^-1. The embedded skeleton within lubricant particle significantly improves the durability of triboelectric layer, ensuring nearly no decline in output performance of SS-TENG during long-term operation. Furthermore, the SS-TENG exhibits stable output even under 300% stretching, as the DLPs remain firmly anchored to triboelectric layer during deformation. Owing to its excellent triboelectric performance, durability, and flexibility, the SS-TENG can be integrated into various objects to harvest raindrop energy and power electronic devices.2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Aug2026-05-09T19:06:00.033Z2026-04-08T01:10:48.823ZS-EPMC123766734043377110.1002/advs.202505363