biostudies-literatureHe GUnited States Department of Defense | United States Navy | ONR | Office of Naval Research Global (ONR Global)DOE | SC | Basic Energy Sciences (BES)National Science Foundation (NSF)8162https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12402235biostudies-literatureUnknown16(1)Pressure serves as a fundamental tuning parameter capable of drastically modifying all properties of matter. The advent of diamond anvil cells (DACs) has enabled a compact and tabletop platform for generating extreme pressure conditions in laboratory settings. However, the limited spatial dimensions and ultrahigh pressures within these environments present significant challenges for conventional spectroscopy techniques. In this work, we integrate optical spin defects within a thin layer of two-dimensional (2D) materials directly into the high-pressure chamber, enabling an in situ quantum sensing platform for mapping local stress and magnetic environments up to 3.5 GPa. Compared to nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers embedded in diamond anvils, our 2D sensors exhibit around three times stronger rNature communicationsProbing stress and magnetism at high pressures with two-dimensional quantum sensors.PMC12402235DMR-232782624271492413808N00014-22-1-2582DE-SC0019241ExpandQISE 2328837NRT LinQ 2152221DMR-2236528Rehfuss ZRan SGong RHe GHong JChen MYe BEdgar JHZhang SYao NYPoirier TLiu ZZhang TZu CRiofrio ALYao CWang XWang ZfalseProbing stress and magnetism at high pressures with two-dimensional quantum sensors.Pressure serves as a fundamental tuning parameter capable of drastically modifying all properties of matter. The advent of diamond anvil cells (DACs) has enabled a compact and tabletop platform for generating extreme pressure conditions in laboratory settings. However, the limited spatial dimensions and ultrahigh pressures within these environments present significant challenges for conventional spectroscopy techniques. In this work, we integrate optical spin defects within a thin layer of two-dimensional (2D) materials directly into the high-pressure chamber, enabling an in situ quantum sensing platform for mapping local stress and magnetic environments up to 3.5 GPa. Compared to nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers embedded in diamond anvils, our 2D sensors exhibit around three times stronger r2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Sep2026-05-29T14:24:52.36Z2026-04-08T05:00:22.401ZS-EPMC124022354089013810.1038/s41467-025-63535-7