{"database":"biostudies-literature","file_versions":[],"scores":null,"additional":{"submitter":["Park OJ"],"funding":["National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","National Research Foundation of Korea"],"pagination":["1837-1846"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12411613"],"repository":["biostudies-literature"],"omics_type":["Unknown"],"volume":["57(8)"],"pubmed_abstract":["Gut microbiota and microbial components are known to regulate bone metabolism. Peptidoglycan, a key bacterial cell wall component, is recognized by NOD1 and NOD2. Muramyl dipeptide (MDP), a ligand for NOD2 found in most bacteria, increases bone mass by promoting bone formation via Runx2 and β-catenin. However, the effects of NOD1 ligands, such as L-Ala-γ-D-glu-meso-diaminopimelic acid (TriDAP) from Gram-negative bacteria, remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that, unlike MDP, TriDAP elicits bone resorption by decreasing osteoblast and Runx2 levels and increasing osteoclasts in the distal femurs of mice intraperitoneally administered TriDAP. This treatment inhibited osteoblast differentiation by downregulating Runx2 expression and also decreased the protein stability of Runx2 by i"],"journal":["Experimental & molecular medicine"],"pubmed_title":["The dual roles of peptidoglycans: NOD1 and NOD2 inversely regulate bone metabolism."],"pmcid":["PMC12411613"],"funding_grant_id":["NRF-2022M3A9F3082330, RS-2022-00164722","RS-2023-NR076347"],"pubmed_authors":["Park OJ","Yun CH","Han SH","Lim Y","Kim J","Park C"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"The dual roles of peptidoglycans: NOD1 and NOD2 inversely regulate bone metabolism.","description":"Gut microbiota and microbial components are known to regulate bone metabolism. Peptidoglycan, a key bacterial cell wall component, is recognized by NOD1 and NOD2. Muramyl dipeptide (MDP), a ligand for NOD2 found in most bacteria, increases bone mass by promoting bone formation via Runx2 and β-catenin. However, the effects of NOD1 ligands, such as L-Ala-γ-D-glu-meso-diaminopimelic acid (TriDAP) from Gram-negative bacteria, remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that, unlike MDP, TriDAP elicits bone resorption by decreasing osteoblast and Runx2 levels and increasing osteoclasts in the distal femurs of mice intraperitoneally administered TriDAP. This treatment inhibited osteoblast differentiation by downregulating Runx2 expression and also decreased the protein stability of Runx2 by i","dates":{"release":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","publication":"2025 Aug","modification":"2026-05-29T19:50:03.243Z","creation":"2026-04-08T05:51:17.101Z"},"accession":"S-EPMC12411613","cross_references":{"pubmed":["40817410"],"doi":["10.1038/s12276-025-01522-0"]}}