biostudies-literatureDonovan JCancer Research UKNIAID NIH HHSFIC NIH HHSMedical Research CouncilNINDS NIH HHSWellcome Truste96-e111https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12419961biostudies-literatureUnknown26(2)Tuberculous meningitis is the most severe form of tuberculosis, causing death or disability in around half of those affected. There are no up-to-date international guidelines defining its optimal management. Therefore, the Tuberculous Meningitis International Research Consortium conducted a systematic review of available evidence to address key management questions and to develop practice guidance. The consortium includes representatives from India, Indonesia, South Africa, Uganda, Viet Nam, Australia, the Netherlands, the UK, and the USA. Questions were developed using the Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome (PICO) format for tuberculous meningitis diagnosis, anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy, adjunctive anti-inflammatory therapy, and neurocritical and neurosurgical care. A GradingThe Lancet. Infectious diseasesA clinical practice guideline for tuberculous meningitis.PMC12419961R01 AI186308R01 AI153349R01 AI170158R01 AI190038K08 AI139371R21 NS134516R01 AI145435R21 TW011035R01 AI145781T32 NS131126K23 NS110470R01 AI165721CC2112Aarnoutse REThwaites GEBahr NCSolomons RAlffenaar JCMeya DMisra UKDooley KEWilkinson RJSeddon JARohlwink UKSingh GManesh AFigaji AHuynh Jvan Crevel RAnderson STScriven JETucker EWChow FCBasu Roy RSingh VDavis AGUpton CMvan Laarhoven AJain SKDonovan JRogozinska Evan Toorn RCresswell FVDian SGibb DPattison SfalseA clinical practice guideline for tuberculous meningitis.Tuberculous meningitis is the most severe form of tuberculosis, causing death or disability in around half of those affected. There are no up-to-date international guidelines defining its optimal management. Therefore, the Tuberculous Meningitis International Research Consortium conducted a systematic review of available evidence to address key management questions and to develop practice guidance. The consortium includes representatives from India, Indonesia, South Africa, Uganda, Viet Nam, Australia, the Netherlands, the UK, and the USA. Questions were developed using the Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome (PICO) format for tuberculous meningitis diagnosis, anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy, adjunctive anti-inflammatory therapy, and neurocritical and neurosurgical care. A Grading2026-01-01T00:00:00Z2026 Feb2026-07-16T03:11:05.151Z2026-07-09T10:31:54.076ZS-EPMC124199614084048510.1016/S1473-3099(25)00364-0