biostudies-literatureWang MThis research was funded by the Hangzhou Science and Technology Bureau, guided by the project (China), grant number 20220919Y035.e70832https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12425818biostudies-literatureUnknown29(17)To characterise T-cell immunity and inflammatory profiles in HIV patients with mycobacterial co-infections. This study enrolled 41 HIV patients co-infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (HIV-TB, n = 27) or non-tuberculous mycobacteria (HIV-NTM, n = 14), along with 30 controls (20 HIV-monoinfected, 10 post-treatment) from a single centre. Flow cytometry quantified T-cell subsets (CD3 + CD4+, CD3 + CD8+, CD28+ subsets), mitochondrial parameters (mass [MM], low membrane potential [MMP-low%]) and cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-2/4/6/10/17A, TNF-α). Co-infected groups showed reduced T-cell counts versus HIV-monoinfected controls (p < 0.05). Elevated MMP-low% in CD3 + CD4+/CD28+ T cells indicated mitochondrial dysfunction in co-infected patients (p < 0.05). HIV-TB patients exhibited higher CD3 + CD4+/CDJournal of cellular and molecular medicineAltered T Lymphocytes Mitochondrial Function and Inflammatory Factors of Peripheral Blood in HIV Patients With Mycobacterial Infection.PMC1242581820220919Y035Wang MYan JDong XHui LChen WWan HLiu SShi JfalseAltered T Lymphocytes Mitochondrial Function and Inflammatory Factors of Peripheral Blood in HIV Patients With Mycobacterial Infection.To characterise T-cell immunity and inflammatory profiles in HIV patients with mycobacterial co-infections. This study enrolled 41 HIV patients co-infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (HIV-TB, n = 27) or non-tuberculous mycobacteria (HIV-NTM, n = 14), along with 30 controls (20 HIV-monoinfected, 10 post-treatment) from a single centre. Flow cytometry quantified T-cell subsets (CD3 + CD4+, CD3 + CD8+, CD28+ subsets), mitochondrial parameters (mass [MM], low membrane potential [MMP-low%]) and cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-2/4/6/10/17A, TNF-α). Co-infected groups showed reduced T-cell counts versus HIV-monoinfected controls (p < 0.05). Elevated MMP-low% in CD3 + CD4+/CD28+ T cells indicated mitochondrial dysfunction in co-infected patients (p < 0.05). HIV-TB patients exhibited higher CD3 + CD4+/CD2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Sep2026-04-08T19:52:34.67Z2026-04-08T14:34:38.706ZS-EPMC124258184093619910.1111/jcmm.70832