biostudies-literatureUnknown16Sun JCodon usage bias (CUB), a universal evolutionary phenomenon, reflects selective pressures shaping genome adaptation. The WRKY transcription factor family plays a pivotal role in regulating plant responses to physiological and biochemical stresses. This study investigates CUB patterns in 151 WRKY transcription factors of Musa acuminata 'Guijiao 9', a banana cultivar exhibiting resistance to Fusarium wilt Tropical Race 4 (TR4), to elucidate evolutionary drivers of stress adaptation. The codons of these transcription factors were selected based on their expression from RNA-Seq data. The average GC content of MaWRKY genes was 56.55%, with a GC3 content of 62.23%, indicating a preference for G/C-ending codons. Among the codons, 26 were identified as high frequency, wFrontiers in genetics1647037https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12425940biostudies-literatureCodon usage bias analysis of the WRKY gene family in Musa acuminata.PMC12425940Chen AZhang JFerguson BJSun JfalseCodon usage bias analysis of the WRKY gene family in Musa acuminata.Codon usage bias (CUB), a universal evolutionary phenomenon, reflects selective pressures shaping genome adaptation. The WRKY transcription factor family plays a pivotal role in regulating plant responses to physiological and biochemical stresses. This study investigates CUB patterns in 151 WRKY transcription factors of Musa acuminata 'Guijiao 9', a banana cultivar exhibiting resistance to Fusarium wilt Tropical Race 4 (TR4), to elucidate evolutionary drivers of stress adaptation. The codons of these transcription factors were selected based on their expression from RNA-Seq data. The average GC content of MaWRKY genes was 56.55%, with a GC3 content of 62.23%, indicating a preference for G/C-ending codons. Among the codons, 26 were identified as high frequency, w2025-01-01T00:00:00Z20252026-04-08T19:50:32.492Z2026-04-08T14:33:47.218ZS-EPMC124259404094987810.3389/fgene.2025.1647037