biostudies-literatureUnknown14(17)Fan YThis study investigated the structural, physicochemical, and functional characteristics of foxtail millet starches (FMSs), including five non-waxy varieties (N-HXMS, N-LXMS, N-QZHS, N-JG21S, N-BLGS) and one waxy control (W-HJGS). All FMSs exhibited polygonal granules with surface pores and an orthorhombic crystalline structure (A-type X-ray diffraction pattern). Compared with the waxy FMSs, non-waxy starches exhibited higher amylose content (32.4-34.04%), reduced crystallinity (37.01-39.21%) and short-range molecular order, and lower hydration capacity and molecular weight (1.01 × 10⁵-2.81 × 10⁵ g/mol). The non-waxy FMSs also demonstrated enhanced resistance to mechanical shear, better structural stability, stronger recovery behavior, and reduced enzymatic susceptibilFoods (Basel, Switzerland)3034https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12427984biostudies-literatureStructural, Physicochemical, and Functional Properties of Waxy and Non-Waxy Foxtail Millet Starches.PMC12427984Li XChang LYao YFan YDu SDan QYu XZhang PfalseStructural, Physicochemical, and Functional Properties of Waxy and Non-Waxy Foxtail Millet Starches.This study investigated the structural, physicochemical, and functional characteristics of foxtail millet starches (FMSs), including five non-waxy varieties (N-HXMS, N-LXMS, N-QZHS, N-JG21S, N-BLGS) and one waxy control (W-HJGS). All FMSs exhibited polygonal granules with surface pores and an orthorhombic crystalline structure (A-type X-ray diffraction pattern). Compared with the waxy FMSs, non-waxy starches exhibited higher amylose content (32.4-34.04%), reduced crystallinity (37.01-39.21%) and short-range molecular order, and lower hydration capacity and molecular weight (1.01 × 10⁵-2.81 × 10⁵ g/mol). The non-waxy FMSs also demonstrated enhanced resistance to mechanical shear, better structural stability, stronger recovery behavior, and reduced enzymatic susceptibil2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Aug2026-04-08T19:36:13.574Z2026-04-08T13:54:21.323ZS-EPMC124279844094115010.3390/foods14173034