biostudies-literatureUnknown17(17)Yıldız N<b>Background/Objectives</b>: This randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the effects of casein-enriched milk (CEM) consumption and its timing (presleep vs. during the day) in the early postoperative period on body composition, muscle strength, physical function, and biochemical parameters in individuals undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (SG). <b>Methods:</b> Forty-five adults (60% female, 40% male; mean age 35.1 ± 9.7 years; mean BMI 41.4 ± 4.9 kg/m²) undergoing SG were randomly assigned to three groups: (1) 15 g protein CEM (12 g casein) presleep, (2) the same CEM during the day, or (3) standard-protein diet without supplementation. The primary endpoint was change in fat-free mass (FFM) at 12 weeks; secondary endpoints included handgrip strength, 30 s sit-to-stNutrients2750https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12430192biostudies-literaturePresleep vs. Daytime Consumption of Casein-Enriched Milk: Effects on Muscle Function and Metabolic Health After Sleeve Gastrectomy.PMC12430192Saglam DTanal MYıldız NBas MCoskun HfalsePresleep vs. Daytime Consumption of Casein-Enriched Milk: Effects on Muscle Function and Metabolic Health After Sleeve Gastrectomy.<b>Background/Objectives</b>: This randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the effects of casein-enriched milk (CEM) consumption and its timing (presleep vs. during the day) in the early postoperative period on body composition, muscle strength, physical function, and biochemical parameters in individuals undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (SG). <b>Methods:</b> Forty-five adults (60% female, 40% male; mean age 35.1 ± 9.7 years; mean BMI 41.4 ± 4.9 kg/m²) undergoing SG were randomly assigned to three groups: (1) 15 g protein CEM (12 g casein) presleep, (2) the same CEM during the day, or (3) standard-protein diet without supplementation. The primary endpoint was change in fat-free mass (FFM) at 12 weeks; secondary endpoints included handgrip strength, 30 s sit-to-st2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Aug2026-04-08T19:16:09.175Z2026-04-08T12:11:21.396ZS-EPMC124301924094414110.3390/nu17172750