biostudies-literatureUnknown16Yang JThe regulation of proline metabolism is critical for enhancing plant stress tolerance by promoting proline accumulation under abiotic stress conditions. Key enzymes in this pathway include Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS), pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (P5CR), ornithine δ-aminotransferase (δ-OAT), proline dehydrogenase (PDH), and pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase (P5CDH). Despite their importance, comprehensive identification and characterization of these gene families in kiwifruit (<i>Actinidia chinensis</i>) remain unexplored. This study identified two <i>AcP5CSs</i>, one <i>AcP5CR</i>, one <i>AcOAT</i>, three <i>AcPDHs</i>, and one <i>AcP5CDH</i> within the kiwifruit genome. This research comprehensively examined phylogenetic tree, gene structure, motif analysis, cis-rFrontiers in plant science1590484https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12441012biostudies-literatureGenome-wide identification and expression analysis of proline synthesis and catabolism genes in kiwifruit: exploring the role of <i>AcP5CS1</i> in salt tolerance.PMC12441012Hussain QYang JZhen XLing CQian CChen CLyu SLiu GfalseGenome-wide identification and expression analysis of proline synthesis and catabolism genes in kiwifruit: exploring the role of <i>AcP5CS1</i> in salt tolerance.The regulation of proline metabolism is critical for enhancing plant stress tolerance by promoting proline accumulation under abiotic stress conditions. Key enzymes in this pathway include Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS), pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (P5CR), ornithine δ-aminotransferase (δ-OAT), proline dehydrogenase (PDH), and pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase (P5CDH). Despite their importance, comprehensive identification and characterization of these gene families in kiwifruit (<i>Actinidia chinensis</i>) remain unexplored. This study identified two <i>AcP5CSs</i>, one <i>AcP5CR</i>, one <i>AcOAT</i>, three <i>AcPDHs</i>, and one <i>AcP5CDH</i> within the kiwifruit genome. This research comprehensively examined phylogenetic tree, gene structure, motif analysis, cis-r2025-01-01T00:00:00Z20252026-04-26T03:20:39.65Z2026-04-26T03:11:52.985ZS-EPMC124410124097016510.3389/fpls.2025.1590484