biostudies-literatureUnknown41(9)Su YNumerical modeling has been extensively employed to understand the biomechanics of the spine. Often, patient-specific models developed from medical scans, which are specific to an individual and their particular clinical case, are used. The aim of this study was to develop a generic model of the full adolescent spine, which includes ribs, muscles, and ligaments, that can effectively simulate realistic spinal biomechanics. The model was developed using computer-aided design, incorporating anatomical parameters to represent a 15-year-old adolescent full-spine geometry. Essential components like the ribcage and related musculature were included to capture realistic biomechanics. The model appraisal involved mesh sensitivity analysis and tests on selected functional spinal units (FSUs) in eachInternational journal for numerical methods in biomedical engineeringe70098https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12452808biostudies-literatureDevelopment and Assessment of a Novel Generic Finite Element Spine Model for Clinical Applications.PMC12452808Pankaj PKoutsos VSu YTsirikos AIfalseDevelopment and Assessment of a Novel Generic Finite Element Spine Model for Clinical Applications.Numerical modeling has been extensively employed to understand the biomechanics of the spine. Often, patient-specific models developed from medical scans, which are specific to an individual and their particular clinical case, are used. The aim of this study was to develop a generic model of the full adolescent spine, which includes ribs, muscles, and ligaments, that can effectively simulate realistic spinal biomechanics. The model was developed using computer-aided design, incorporating anatomical parameters to represent a 15-year-old adolescent full-spine geometry. Essential components like the ribcage and related musculature were included to capture realistic biomechanics. The model appraisal involved mesh sensitivity analysis and tests on selected functional spinal units (FSUs) in each2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Sep2026-06-03T19:13:21.803Z2026-05-30T03:06:35.823ZS-EPMC124528084098166310.1002/cnm.70098