biostudies-literatureUnknown16Jiang Y<h4>Introduction</h4>Myocarditis is an inflammatory injury to the myocardium characterized by disrupted intercellular communication, involving macrophages and cardiomyocytes as key players. However, the interactions between macrophages and cardiomyocytes during myocarditis remain inadequately explored. Emerging evidence indicated that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a crucial role in intercellular communication.<h4>Methods</h4>In our study, LPS- or PBS-preconditioned cardiomyocytes derived large EVs (C-lEV_LPS/C-lEV_PBS) were isolated. qPCR, ROS and flow cytometry assays were employed to evaluate their impact on macrophages and in the in vivo experiments, C-lEV_LPS was administered to mice with viral myocarditis. Cardiac function was assessed through echocarFrontiers in immunology1629676https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12454077biostudies-literatureLarge extracellular vesicles derived from LPS-preconditioned cardiomyocytes alleviate myocarditis via mediating macrophage polarization and modulating p38 MAPK pathway.PMC12454077Jiang YYou YHan BXie YMa MZhou SfalseLarge extracellular vesicles derived from LPS-preconditioned cardiomyocytes alleviate myocarditis via mediating macrophage polarization and modulating p38 MAPK pathway.<h4>Introduction</h4>Myocarditis is an inflammatory injury to the myocardium characterized by disrupted intercellular communication, involving macrophages and cardiomyocytes as key players. However, the interactions between macrophages and cardiomyocytes during myocarditis remain inadequately explored. Emerging evidence indicated that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a crucial role in intercellular communication.<h4>Methods</h4>In our study, LPS- or PBS-preconditioned cardiomyocytes derived large EVs (C-lEV_LPS/C-lEV_PBS) were isolated. qPCR, ROS and flow cytometry assays were employed to evaluate their impact on macrophages and in the in vivo experiments, C-lEV_LPS was administered to mice with viral myocarditis. Cardiac function was assessed through echocar2025-01-01T00:00:00Z20252026-07-15T14:23:01.427Z2026-07-05T03:12:19.769ZS-EPMC124540774099536510.3389/fimmu.2025.1629676