biostudies-literatureUnknown62Gonzales GF<h4>Introduction</h4>Peru carries a high burden of childhood anemia, particularly in high-altitude regions where hemoglobin (Hb) adjustment for altitude is recommended. This study aimed to evaluate whether the proportion of anemia attributable to iron deficiency (ID), inflammation, and red blood cell indices varies by altitude in children, using different diagnostic criteria.<h4>Methods</h4>We conducted a cross-sectional study of 280 children aged 6 to 72 months residing in Arequipa, Peru at altitudes ranging from 9 to 4310 m above sea level. Venous blood samples were collected to assess Hb, complete blood count, and serum biomarkers of iron status and inflammation. Spearman's rank correlation was used to examine relationships between altitude and hematologic or biochemical parameters. LogInquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision and financing469580251372827https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12454947biostudies-literatureThe New WHO Cut-off Point for Defining High-altitude Anemia may be Inadequate.PMC12454947Yucra SGasco MRees CAAguilar JVasquez-Velasquez CSuchdev PSGonzales GFTapia VfalseThe New WHO Cut-off Point for Defining High-altitude Anemia may be Inadequate.<h4>Introduction</h4>Peru carries a high burden of childhood anemia, particularly in high-altitude regions where hemoglobin (Hb) adjustment for altitude is recommended. This study aimed to evaluate whether the proportion of anemia attributable to iron deficiency (ID), inflammation, and red blood cell indices varies by altitude in children, using different diagnostic criteria.<h4>Methods</h4>We conducted a cross-sectional study of 280 children aged 6 to 72 months residing in Arequipa, Peru at altitudes ranging from 9 to 4310 m above sea level. Venous blood samples were collected to assess Hb, complete blood count, and serum biomarkers of iron status and inflammation. Spearman's rank correlation was used to examine relationships between altitude and hematologic or biochemical parameters. Log2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Jan-Dec2026-06-03T18:50:39.5Z2026-04-30T03:11:43.228ZS-EPMC124549474097761410.1177/00469580251372827