biostudies-literatureMa YCanon FoundationThe University of TokyoMEXT KAKENHIAsahi Glass FoundationWorld-leading Innovative Graduate Study Program in Proactive Environmental StudiesG-7 Scholarship FoundationERATO JSTJSPS1360-1374https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12461850biostudies-literatureUnknown66(9)In vascular plants, xylem vessels transport water and contribute to structural integrity. As part of vessel formation, xylem cells deposit secondary cell walls (SCWs), which are composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin polymers. Under environmental challenges such as pathogen attack, a growth-defense trade-off limits xylem vessel development. Understanding the mechanism regulating this trade-off has implications for understanding of plant strategy to utilize their carbon resources because SCWs contain large amounts of densely packed high-carbon compounds. Here, we investigated the effect of pathogen responses induced by the peptide defense elicitor flagellin22 (flg22) on VASCULAR-RELATED NAC-DOMAIN7 (VND7)-dependent xylem vessel formation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). TreaPlant & cell physiologySalicylic acid-mediated competitive regulation of xylem vessel formation and defense responses in Arabidopsis thaliana.PMC12461850JP23K27189JP21H05652JPMJER1602JP20H03271JP18H02466JP18H05489JP23H04191JP20H05405JP18H05484JP23K23912Kurokawa RHuang CDemura TMa YSano ROhtani MfalseSalicylic acid-mediated competitive regulation of xylem vessel formation and defense responses in Arabidopsis thaliana.In vascular plants, xylem vessels transport water and contribute to structural integrity. As part of vessel formation, xylem cells deposit secondary cell walls (SCWs), which are composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin polymers. Under environmental challenges such as pathogen attack, a growth-defense trade-off limits xylem vessel development. Understanding the mechanism regulating this trade-off has implications for understanding of plant strategy to utilize their carbon resources because SCWs contain large amounts of densely packed high-carbon compounds. Here, we investigated the effect of pathogen responses induced by the peptide defense elicitor flagellin22 (flg22) on VASCULAR-RELATED NAC-DOMAIN7 (VND7)-dependent xylem vessel formation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Trea2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Sep2026-06-03T21:09:07.163Z2026-05-01T03:10:57.84ZS-EPMC124618504070975910.1093/pcp/pcaf086