biostudies-literatureRink MGerman Center for Infection Research853https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12466468biostudies-literatureUnknown14(9)<h4>Background/objectives</h4>While antibiotic prophylaxis is crucial for preventing infections, its impact on the development of antibiotic-resistant infections and clinical outcomes remains underexplored. We aimed to systematically assess the impact of medical and surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) on the development of antibiotic-resistant infections, clinical outcomes, and costs.<h4>Methods</h4>A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of antibiotic prophylaxis on antibiotic-resistant infections, mortality, length of hospital stay, and/or costs was conducted in hemato-oncological or surgical patient populations. Pooled estimates of the relative risk (RR) or weighted mean difference (WMD) were derived using random-effect meta-analysis.<h4>Results</h4>Of 10,409 screened studAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)The Impact of Antibiotic Prophylaxis on Antibiotic Resistance, Clinical Outcomes, and Costs in Adult Hemato-Oncological and Surgical Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.PMC12466468TTU 08.707Bitzer MNikolai LATacconelli ERink MGopel SGladstone BPfalseThe Impact of Antibiotic Prophylaxis on Antibiotic Resistance, Clinical Outcomes, and Costs in Adult Hemato-Oncological and Surgical Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.<h4>Background/objectives</h4>While antibiotic prophylaxis is crucial for preventing infections, its impact on the development of antibiotic-resistant infections and clinical outcomes remains underexplored. We aimed to systematically assess the impact of medical and surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) on the development of antibiotic-resistant infections, clinical outcomes, and costs.<h4>Methods</h4>A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of antibiotic prophylaxis on antibiotic-resistant infections, mortality, length of hospital stay, and/or costs was conducted in hemato-oncological or surgical patient populations. Pooled estimates of the relative risk (RR) or weighted mean difference (WMD) were derived using random-effect meta-analysis.<h4>Results</h4>Of 10,409 screened stud2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Aug2026-05-02T03:16:24.664Z2026-05-02T03:09:33.211ZS-EPMC124664684100983210.3390/antibiotics14090853