{"database":"biostudies-literature","file_versions":[],"scores":null,"additional":{"submitter":["Liu W"],"funding":["Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin Science and Technology Correspondent","National Natural Science Foundation of China"],"pagination":["1158"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12467372"],"repository":["biostudies-literature"],"omics_type":["Unknown"],"volume":["14(9)"],"pubmed_abstract":["<i>Propsilocerus akamusi</i> (Tokunaga, 1938) larvae serve as key bioindicators for water quality assessment. This study identifies optimal reference genes for RT-qPCR under diverse experimental conditions. Fifteen candidate genes commonly employed in other insect species were selected, candidate genes commonly used in other insect species. Homologous genes were identified in the <i>P. akamusi</i> genome through sequence alignment with their <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> counterparts. Expression stability across developmental stages, body parts, temperature variations, and deltamethrin/nickel chloride exposures was systematically evaluated using geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and ΔCt methods. <i>RPL32</i> exhibited the highest expression stability across different body parts of adults under varying temperature conditions, and <i>RPS11</i> and <i>RPL8</i> showed the greatest stability across developmental stages and in larvae exposed to different temperatures. Furthermore, under nickel chloride and deltamethrin treatments, <i>RPS11</i> and <i>RPL8</i> maintained the highest expression stability. The results indicated that the expression stability of reference genes varied under different conditions. Among different body parts of adults, <i>RPL32</i> and <i>RPL4</i> exhibited the most stable expression. Across different developmental stages, <i>RPS11</i> and <i>RPL8</i> performed best in terms of expression stability. Under different temperature treatments, <i>RPL32</i> and <i>RPL4</i> remained stable in adults, while <i>RPS11</i> and <i>RPL8</i> showed the greatest stability in larvae. Similarly, under nickel chloride and deltamethrin treatments, <i>RPS11</i> and <i>RPL8</i> demonstrated the most stable expression in larvae. Through the above research, we can advance ecosystem-impact insights and bolster environmental protection and water quality monitoring."],"journal":["Biology"],"pubmed_title":["Reference Genes for Expression Analyses by qRT-PCR in &lt;i&gt;Propsilocerus akamusi&lt;/i&gt; (Diptera: Chironomidae)."],"pmcid":["PMC12467372"],"funding_grant_id":["32370489, 32170473","23KPHDRC00240, 22KPXMRC00070"],"pubmed_authors":["Shao Z","Zhang Y","Nie J","Nie Z","Yan C","Liu C","Wang Y","Bai X","Tang Y","Liu W"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Reference Genes for Expression Analyses by qRT-PCR in &lt;i&gt;Propsilocerus akamusi&lt;/i&gt; (Diptera: Chironomidae).","description":"<i>Propsilocerus akamusi</i> (Tokunaga, 1938) larvae serve as key bioindicators for water quality assessment. This study identifies optimal reference genes for RT-qPCR under diverse experimental conditions. Fifteen candidate genes commonly employed in other insect species were selected, candidate genes commonly used in other insect species. Homologous genes were identified in the <i>P. akamusi</i> genome through sequence alignment with their <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> counterparts. Expression stability across developmental stages, body parts, temperature variations, and deltamethrin/nickel chloride exposures was systematically evaluated using geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and ΔCt methods. <i>RPL32</i> exhibited the highest expression stability across different body parts of adults under varying temperature conditions, and <i>RPS11</i> and <i>RPL8</i> showed the greatest stability across developmental stages and in larvae exposed to different temperatures. Furthermore, under nickel chloride and deltamethrin treatments, <i>RPS11</i> and <i>RPL8</i> maintained the highest expression stability. The results indicated that the expression stability of reference genes varied under different conditions. Among different body parts of adults, <i>RPL32</i> and <i>RPL4</i> exhibited the most stable expression. Across different developmental stages, <i>RPS11</i> and <i>RPL8</i> performed best in terms of expression stability. Under different temperature treatments, <i>RPL32</i> and <i>RPL4</i> remained stable in adults, while <i>RPS11</i> and <i>RPL8</i> showed the greatest stability in larvae. Similarly, under nickel chloride and deltamethrin treatments, <i>RPS11</i> and <i>RPL8</i> demonstrated the most stable expression in larvae. Through the above research, we can advance ecosystem-impact insights and bolster environmental protection and water quality monitoring.","dates":{"release":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","publication":"2025 Sep","modification":"2026-05-02T03:10:30.746Z","creation":"2026-05-02T03:07:48.512Z"},"accession":"S-EPMC12467372","cross_references":{"pubmed":["41007304"],"doi":["10.3390/biology14091158"]}}