biostudies-literatureOkato AHitoshi Ishikawa3039https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12469118biostudies-literatureUnknown17(18)<b>Background/Objectives</b>: Carbon-ion radiotherapy (CIRT) offers precise dose distribution and enhanced biological effectiveness in localized prostate cancer. However, the safety of CIRT in patients with a history of surgery for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), such as transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term safety and oncological outcomes of CIRT in this population. <b>Methods:</b> A retrospective analysis was conducted in 74 of 3848 patients with prostate cancer and a history of surgery for BPH who underwent CIRT combined with risk-adapted androgen deprivation therapy between 2007 and 2023. Adverse events were assessed using CTCAE v5.0. Biochemical recurrence-free survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier methoCancersCarbon-Ion Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer in Patients with a History of Surgery for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.PMC12469118JP24K10899Okato AMiura KYamaguchi TUtsumi TTsuji HIchikawa TNakajima MMakishima HAkakura KWakatsuki MSuzuki HIshikawa HfalseCarbon-Ion Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer in Patients with a History of Surgery for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.<b>Background/Objectives</b>: Carbon-ion radiotherapy (CIRT) offers precise dose distribution and enhanced biological effectiveness in localized prostate cancer. However, the safety of CIRT in patients with a history of surgery for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), such as transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term safety and oncological outcomes of CIRT in this population. <b>Methods:</b> A retrospective analysis was conducted in 74 of 3848 patients with prostate cancer and a history of surgery for BPH who underwent CIRT combined with risk-adapted androgen deprivation therapy between 2007 and 2023. Adverse events were assessed using CTCAE v5.0. Biochemical recurrence-free survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier metho2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Sep2026-05-02T03:10:28.162Z2026-05-02T03:07:38.482ZS-EPMC124691184100888210.3390/cancers17183039