biostudies-literatureOlono ASGlobal Partnership for Animal and Zoonotic Disease Surveillance934https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12472251biostudies-literatureUnknown14(9)Pig farms in Southern Nigeria face recurrent threats from enzootic viral infections, yet active surveillance remains limited. This study implemented an active surveillance approach targeting African swine fever virus (ASFV) to assess its circulation across four states. We sampled 40 pig farms and two abattoirs, collecting swine blood and ticks for molecular and serological analysis. Sampling was conducted during both African swine fever (ASF) outbreak (<i>n</i> = 27 pigs) and non-outbreak (<i>n</i> = 204 pigs) periods, resulting in 231 samples tested for ASFV DNA. Additionally, 46 plasma samples from the non-outbreak period were screened for ASFV-specific antibodies. ASFV was detected in all pigs sampled during outbreak periods (27/27; 100%), whereas none of the pigs sampled during non-outPathogens (Basel, Switzerland)Active Surveillance and Farm-Level Risk Evaluation of African Swine Fever in Southern Nigeria.PMC12472251USDA-APHIS, AP22VSD&B000C030.Abiola JOSijuwola AEOgunsanya OAFadele JHappi CTAyinla AOAdedokun OBrown COlono ASHappi ANFaburay BSaibu FMSoumare HTchokote EYfalseActive Surveillance and Farm-Level Risk Evaluation of African Swine Fever in Southern Nigeria.Pig farms in Southern Nigeria face recurrent threats from enzootic viral infections, yet active surveillance remains limited. This study implemented an active surveillance approach targeting African swine fever virus (ASFV) to assess its circulation across four states. We sampled 40 pig farms and two abattoirs, collecting swine blood and ticks for molecular and serological analysis. Sampling was conducted during both African swine fever (ASF) outbreak (<i>n</i> = 27 pigs) and non-outbreak (<i>n</i> = 204 pigs) periods, resulting in 231 samples tested for ASFV DNA. Additionally, 46 plasma samples from the non-outbreak period were screened for ASFV-specific antibodies. ASFV was detected in all pigs sampled during outbreak periods (27/27; 100%), whereas none of the pigs sampled during non-out2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Sep2026-05-02T03:13:02.782Z2026-05-02T03:07:54.516ZS-EPMC124722514101183310.3390/pathogens14090934