biostudies-literatureUnknown16(1)Peng DSingle-photon spectroscopy utilizing single-pixel binary detectors, often statistically recovers "high-dimension" spectral information from "low-dimension" photon-counting signals with ultra-high sensitivity. Nevertheless, it has been a significantly long-standing challenge to achieve either high-speed or high-resolution spectral measurements under photon-deficient scenarios. This study proposes single-photon dual-comb ghost imaging spectroscopy (DC-GIS), which utilizes a mode-resolved dual-comb matrix to interrogate the sample and directly calculates the high-resolution spectrum from photon-counting signals in milliseconds through ghost-imaging method. The concept of single-photon DC-GIS has been examined by measuring the vib-rotational transitions of acetylene with a resolution of 125 MHNature communications8505https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12475216biostudies-literatureSingle-photon dual-comb ghost imaging spectroscopy.PMC12475216Liu XLi WMei LLiu ZGu CPeng DZuo ZGong ZDi YYan GfalseSingle-photon dual-comb ghost imaging spectroscopy.Single-photon spectroscopy utilizing single-pixel binary detectors, often statistically recovers "high-dimension" spectral information from "low-dimension" photon-counting signals with ultra-high sensitivity. Nevertheless, it has been a significantly long-standing challenge to achieve either high-speed or high-resolution spectral measurements under photon-deficient scenarios. This study proposes single-photon dual-comb ghost imaging spectroscopy (DC-GIS), which utilizes a mode-resolved dual-comb matrix to interrogate the sample and directly calculates the high-resolution spectrum from photon-counting signals in milliseconds through ghost-imaging method. The concept of single-photon DC-GIS has been examined by measuring the vib-rotational transitions of acetylene with a resolution of 125 MH2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Sep2026-06-03T21:33:59.934Z2026-05-01T03:11:23.726ZS-EPMC124752164100627510.1038/s41467-025-63516-w