{"database":"biostudies-literature","file_versions":[],"scores":null,"additional":{"submitter":["Juric I"],"funding":["NCI NIH HHS"],"pagination":["318"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12475466"],"repository":["biostudies-literature"],"omics_type":["Unknown"],"volume":["9(1)"],"pubmed_abstract":["Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the mainstay of treatment for intermediate- and high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), yet recurrence rates remain high. To improve the efficacy of BCG, a better understanding of the immune landscape underlying BCG resistance is critical. Here, we performed single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) and whole-exome sequencing on tumors from NMIBC patients before and after BCG treatment. Our analysis revealed a marked increase in CD6/ALCAM interactions between T cells and urothelial cells in BCG recurrent tumors. CD6-high T cells were enriched in recurrent tumors and exhibited downregulation of activation-related genes, indicative of functional impairment. These observations were supported by analysis of an independent BCG-treated NMIBC cohort, i"],"journal":["NPJ precision oncology"],"pubmed_title":["Single-cell RNA-sequencing of BCG naive and recurrent non-muscle invasive bladder cancer reveals a CD6/ALCAM-mediated immune-suppressive pathway."],"pmcid":["PMC12475466"],"funding_grant_id":["K08 CA237842","U54 CA274513","K08CA237842"],"pubmed_authors":["Fink EE","Juric I","Qiu H","Getz G","Makarov V","Alban T","Ting AH","Almassi N","Holton M","Lee BH","Ravi A","Chan TA","Min B","Desprez PE"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Single-cell RNA-sequencing of BCG naive and recurrent non-muscle invasive bladder cancer reveals a CD6/ALCAM-mediated immune-suppressive pathway.","description":"Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the mainstay of treatment for intermediate- and high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), yet recurrence rates remain high. To improve the efficacy of BCG, a better understanding of the immune landscape underlying BCG resistance is critical. Here, we performed single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) and whole-exome sequencing on tumors from NMIBC patients before and after BCG treatment. Our analysis revealed a marked increase in CD6/ALCAM interactions between T cells and urothelial cells in BCG recurrent tumors. CD6-high T cells were enriched in recurrent tumors and exhibited downregulation of activation-related genes, indicative of functional impairment. These observations were supported by analysis of an independent BCG-treated NMIBC cohort, i","dates":{"release":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","publication":"2025 Sep","modification":"2026-06-03T23:05:15.376Z","creation":"2026-05-31T03:07:01.903Z"},"accession":"S-EPMC12475466","cross_references":{"pubmed":["41006678"],"doi":["10.1038/s41698-025-01093-3"]}}