biostudies-literatureCao LResnick Agricultural Innovation Research FundCalifornia Department of Food and Agriculture107https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12477097biostudies-literatureUnknown12(1)Enzymatic hydrolysis and liquefaction of the residual almond hull solids (RAHS) after sugar extraction were studied. The hydrolysis performance of three different enzymes (Cellic CTec2, Viscozyme L and Pectinex Ultra SPL) were investigated. The ability of Aspergillus awamori and Aspergillus oryzae in utilizing the hydrolysate was evaluated. In 50 mL Falcon tubes, the combination of 200 [Formula: see text]L/g RAHS of Cellic Ctec2 and 60 [Formula: see text]L/g RAHS of Viscozyme L enzymes resulted in the optimal performance, with total sugar yield of 47.21%, total fiber conversion of 86.01%, and liquefaction efficiency of 51.61%. Applying these optimal conditions in 250 mL glass bottles resulted in higher liquefaction efficiency of 72.53%, while total fiber conversion was same as that in FalcBioresources and bioprocessingEnzymatic hydrolysis of almond hulls for cultivation of edible filamentous fungi.PMC1247709720-0001-036-SFResnick Agricultural Innovation Research FundCao LPan ZChio AEl Mashad HMZhang RfalseEnzymatic hydrolysis of almond hulls for cultivation of edible filamentous fungi.Enzymatic hydrolysis and liquefaction of the residual almond hull solids (RAHS) after sugar extraction were studied. The hydrolysis performance of three different enzymes (Cellic CTec2, Viscozyme L and Pectinex Ultra SPL) were investigated. The ability of Aspergillus awamori and Aspergillus oryzae in utilizing the hydrolysate was evaluated. In 50 mL Falcon tubes, the combination of 200 [Formula: see text]L/g RAHS of Cellic Ctec2 and 60 [Formula: see text]L/g RAHS of Viscozyme L enzymes resulted in the optimal performance, with total sugar yield of 47.21%, total fiber conversion of 86.01%, and liquefaction efficiency of 51.61%. Applying these optimal conditions in 250 mL glass bottles resulted in higher liquefaction efficiency of 72.53%, while total fiber conversion was same as that in Falc2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Sep2026-05-03T03:15:08.623Z2026-05-03T03:10:26.461ZS-EPMC124770974101700110.1186/s40643-025-00940-2