biostudies-literatureUnknown20(9)Yang QDigital twin technology has the potential to enhance construction efficiency, reduce costs, and minimize errors. However, its application during the construction phase remains at an early stage, largely constrained by the absence of standardized guidelines and principles. To address this challenge, it is essential to establish a comprehensive and universal maturity assessment framework to facilitate the effective implementation of this technology in the construction phase of building projects. This study focuses on two critical aspects: the development of the maturity assessment framework and its empirical validation. The proposed framework encompasses a maturity assessment indicator system covering five dimensions: acquisition layer, data layer, modeling layer, analysis layer, and applicaPloS onee0332449https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12478936biostudies-literatureConstructing a digital twin maturity assessment framework for the building construction phase based on an improved matter-element model: A case study of a construction project in Xinyang, China.PMC12478936Li XLiu ZXia ZLi JChen ZYang QWang YWang JfalseConstructing a digital twin maturity assessment framework for the building construction phase based on an improved matter-element model: A case study of a construction project in Xinyang, China.Digital twin technology has the potential to enhance construction efficiency, reduce costs, and minimize errors. However, its application during the construction phase remains at an early stage, largely constrained by the absence of standardized guidelines and principles. To address this challenge, it is essential to establish a comprehensive and universal maturity assessment framework to facilitate the effective implementation of this technology in the construction phase of building projects. This study focuses on two critical aspects: the development of the maturity assessment framework and its empirical validation. The proposed framework encompasses a maturity assessment indicator system covering five dimensions: acquisition layer, data layer, modeling layer, analysis layer, and applica2025-01-01T00:00:00Z20252026-06-03T23:24:56.556Z2026-05-03T03:11:12.964ZS-EPMC124789364102160110.1371/journal.pone.0332449