biostudies-literatureUnknown16(1)Bissa MSimian or Human immunodeficiency virus (SIV or HIV) vaccines based on V1-deleted envelope virus-like particles, delivered by the DNA/ALVAC platforms, followed by the ΔV1gp120 boost formulated in Alum, protect 50% and 80% of macaques from mucosal infection with SIV_mac251 or Simian-Human immunodeficiency virus, respectively. Adding the Army Liposome Formulation + QS21 (ALFQ) adjuvant to the ΔV1gp120+Alum boost (ALFQA) may enhance protective immune responses. Here, we show that ALFQA protects 58% of female macaques from infection following eleven exposures to SIV_mac251, achieving 79% vaccine efficacy. The ALFQA vaccine regimen augments mucosal CD73⁺CD163⁺ M2-like macrophages and NKp44⁺ innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), while reducing NKG2A<suNature communications8571https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12480912biostudies-literatureHIV vaccine candidate ΔV1gp120 formulated in ALFQA adjuvant augments mucosal immunity in female macaques.PMC12480912Matyas GRGoldfarbmuren KCWashington-Parks RGutowska AN'guessan KFKim JPise-Masison CAAlving RCardozo TMcKinnon KBasu SDoster MNMontefiori DCRahman MARao MShen XSarkis SFranchini GKanchetty NRSilva de Castro IBissa MSchifanella LWoode EKPaquin-Proulx DBrown SfalseHIV vaccine candidate ΔV1gp120 formulated in ALFQA adjuvant augments mucosal immunity in female macaques.Simian or Human immunodeficiency virus (SIV or HIV) vaccines based on V1-deleted envelope virus-like particles, delivered by the DNA/ALVAC platforms, followed by the ΔV1gp120 boost formulated in Alum, protect 50% and 80% of macaques from mucosal infection with SIV_mac251 or Simian-Human immunodeficiency virus, respectively. Adding the Army Liposome Formulation + QS21 (ALFQ) adjuvant to the ΔV1gp120+Alum boost (ALFQA) may enhance protective immune responses. Here, we show that ALFQA protects 58% of female macaques from infection following eleven exposures to SIV_mac251, achieving 79% vaccine efficacy. The ALFQA vaccine regimen augments mucosal CD73⁺CD163⁺ M2-like macrophages and NKp44⁺ innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), while reducing NKG2A<su2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Sep2026-06-03T22:55:27.992Z2026-05-02T03:11:51.261ZS-EPMC124809124102272810.1038/s41467-025-63610-z