biostudies-literatureTian ZNational Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)1576https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12480977biostudies-literatureUnknown12(1)Phlomoides rotata (Duyiwei), a threatened Tibetan medicinal plant with anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, has an understudied genome. We generated a chromosome-level assembly of its 4.12 Gb genome using Oxford Nanopore, PacBio HiFi, Illumina, and Hi-C sequencing, anchoring 22 pseudochromosomes (contig N50 = 173.16 Mb, scaffold N50 = 191.90 Mb). Annotation identified 70,881 protein-coding genes (99.3% complete via BUSCO). Comparative genomic analyses provide insights into the phylogenetic relationships of P. rotata. These data provide insights into high-altitude adaptation, bioactive compound biosynthesis, and evolutionary history, supporting conservation and drug development efforts.Scientific dataChromosome-level Genome Assembly of the Tibetan Medicinal Plant Duyiwei (Phlomoides rotata).PMC1248097731760127Tian ZZhang TChen JLa QZeng ZWang JfalseChromosome-level Genome Assembly of the Tibetan Medicinal Plant Duyiwei (Phlomoides rotata).Phlomoides rotata (Duyiwei), a threatened Tibetan medicinal plant with anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, has an understudied genome. We generated a chromosome-level assembly of its 4.12 Gb genome using Oxford Nanopore, PacBio HiFi, Illumina, and Hi-C sequencing, anchoring 22 pseudochromosomes (contig N50 = 173.16 Mb, scaffold N50 = 191.90 Mb). Annotation identified 70,881 protein-coding genes (99.3% complete via BUSCO). Comparative genomic analyses provide insights into the phylogenetic relationships of P. rotata. These data provide insights into high-altitude adaptation, bioactive compound biosynthesis, and evolutionary history, supporting conservation and drug development efforts.2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Sep2026-06-04T01:46:21.261Z2026-05-04T03:13:44.45ZS-EPMC124809774102291310.1038/s41597-025-05800-4