biostudies-literatureUnknown23(10)Wang WScience and Technology Development Plan Project of Jilin Province of ChinaNatural Science Foundation of Guangdong ProvinceNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaPlant cell-surface-localized pattern recognition receptors and co-receptors recognize conserved microbial patterns to initiate pattern-triggered immunity (PTI), which confers moderate and broad-spectrum resistance to most pathogens. For instance, the FLS2 receptor recognizes bacterial flagellin (or epitope flg22) by forming a complex with its co-receptor BAK1. Malectin-like receptor-like kinases (RLKs) interact with several GPI-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) to recognize rapid alkalinization factor (RALF) peptides, thereby regulating multiple physiological processes. We have previously shown that the soybean malectin-like RLK protein GmLMM1 negatively regulates immunity by suppressing the GmFLS2-GmBAK1 interaction. However, there is currently no research on soybean GPI-APs, particularly with Plant biotechnology journal4353-4366https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12483963biostudies-literatureA pair of GPI-anchored proteins regulate soybean immunity and disease resistance in coordination with GmLMM1 and GmRALFs.PMC12483963Yang JLiang XFeng XWang DXu GWang JZhang QCheng ZZhang WZhang YWang WDou DChen RYang SfalseA pair of GPI-anchored proteins regulate soybean immunity and disease resistance in coordination with GmLMM1 and GmRALFs.Plant cell-surface-localized pattern recognition receptors and co-receptors recognize conserved microbial patterns to initiate pattern-triggered immunity (PTI), which confers moderate and broad-spectrum resistance to most pathogens. For instance, the FLS2 receptor recognizes bacterial flagellin (or epitope flg22) by forming a complex with its co-receptor BAK1. Malectin-like receptor-like kinases (RLKs) interact with several GPI-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) to recognize rapid alkalinization factor (RALF) peptides, thereby regulating multiple physiological processes. We have previously shown that the soybean malectin-like RLK protein GmLMM1 negatively regulates immunity by suppressing the GmFLS2-GmBAK1 interaction. However, there is currently no research on soybean GPI-APs, particularly with 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Oct2026-06-04T01:35:50.594Z2026-05-04T03:12:29.06ZS-EPMC124839634061410410.1111/pbi.70240