biostudies-literatureUnknown2(1)Luker ME<h4>Background</h4>Canine osteosarcoma (OSA) and melanoma are highly aggressive cancers with a high propensity for lung metastasis. A recent phase 1 trial demonstrated that inhaled recombinant human interleukin-15 (rhIL-15) immunotherapy is safe and may be effective against lung metastases in dogs with metastatic OSA or melanoma. Notably, baseline lymphopenia correlated with clinical benefit in that trial. Building on these findings, this study evaluates whether preconditioning with doxorubicin to induce transient lymphodepletion before inhaled rhIL-15 immunotherapy improves the overall response rate in dogs with metastatic melanoma or tumors of bone.<h4>Methods</h4>Dogs with established pulmonary metastases from melanoma or bone tumors were treated with doxorubicin (30 mg/m² orVeterinary oncology (London, England)23https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12484353biostudies-literatureEvaluating the impact of doxorubicin preconditioning on the efficacy of inhaled recombinant human IL-15 immunotherapy in dogs with pulmonary metastasis.PMC12484353Lejeune AJohnson EGYork DLuker MESparger EECohen-Davidyan TMurphy WJCulp WTWithers SSSkorupski KAAl-Nadaf SCruz SMKent MSCanter RJYoung JRebhun RBfalseEvaluating the impact of doxorubicin preconditioning on the efficacy of inhaled recombinant human IL-15 immunotherapy in dogs with pulmonary metastasis.<h4>Background</h4>Canine osteosarcoma (OSA) and melanoma are highly aggressive cancers with a high propensity for lung metastasis. A recent phase 1 trial demonstrated that inhaled recombinant human interleukin-15 (rhIL-15) immunotherapy is safe and may be effective against lung metastases in dogs with metastatic OSA or melanoma. Notably, baseline lymphopenia correlated with clinical benefit in that trial. Building on these findings, this study evaluates whether preconditioning with doxorubicin to induce transient lymphodepletion before inhaled rhIL-15 immunotherapy improves the overall response rate in dogs with metastatic melanoma or tumors of bone.<h4>Methods</h4>Dogs with established pulmonary metastases from melanoma or bone tumors were treated with doxorubicin (30 mg/m² or2025-01-01T00:00:00Z20252026-06-04T00:24:48.839Z2026-05-03T03:12:02.126ZS-EPMC124843534104116710.1186/s44356-025-00040-5