{"database":"biostudies-literature","file_versions":[],"scores":null,"additional":{"submitter":["Saran R"],"funding":["Ministry of Earth Sciences"],"pagination":["34048"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12484875"],"repository":["biostudies-literature"],"omics_type":["Unknown"],"volume":["15(1)"],"pubmed_abstract":["The Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) has long been considered a self-regulated coupled ocean-atmosphere system. This framework implies that a drought monsoon year is often followed by a flood monsoon year, or the reverse, due to ocean-atmosphere coupling. To support this argument, observations showed that it is rare for more than two consecutive ISM floods or droughts to occur, where a flood/drought is ±10% deviation from the climatological rainfall. During boreal summer, ISM winds drive a southward cross-equatorial OHT of roughly 2 PW, frequently cited as a central element of this feedback. Yet its capacity to warm the ocean surface and sustain year-to-year rainfall reversals has received little scrutiny. Here, we present a critical examination of the role of OHT in the regulation of the interannual variability of ISM. Our analyses suggest that the effect of cross-equatorial OHT does not last beyond one season. While the difference in the ISM rainfall between flood and drought years can exceed 20%, the difference in OHT is only about 2%. The response of local Hadley Cell to OHT variability is also negligible. These results suggest that cross-equatorial OHT plays a minor role in governing interannual ISM variability."],"journal":["Scientific reports"],"pubmed_title":["Lack of influence of cross-equatorial ocean heat transport on the interannual variability of the indian summer monsoon."],"pmcid":["PMC12484875"],"funding_grant_id":["MoES/16/03/2021-RDESS"],"pubmed_authors":["Saran R","Sandeep S"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Lack of influence of cross-equatorial ocean heat transport on the interannual variability of the indian summer monsoon.","description":"The Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) has long been considered a self-regulated coupled ocean-atmosphere system. This framework implies that a drought monsoon year is often followed by a flood monsoon year, or the reverse, due to ocean-atmosphere coupling. To support this argument, observations showed that it is rare for more than two consecutive ISM floods or droughts to occur, where a flood/drought is ±10% deviation from the climatological rainfall. During boreal summer, ISM winds drive a southward cross-equatorial OHT of roughly 2 PW, frequently cited as a central element of this feedback. Yet its capacity to warm the ocean surface and sustain year-to-year rainfall reversals has received little scrutiny. Here, we present a critical examination of the role of OHT in the regulation of the interannual variability of ISM. Our analyses suggest that the effect of cross-equatorial OHT does not last beyond one season. While the difference in the ISM rainfall between flood and drought years can exceed 20%, the difference in OHT is only about 2%. The response of local Hadley Cell to OHT variability is also negligible. These results suggest that cross-equatorial OHT plays a minor role in governing interannual ISM variability.","dates":{"release":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","publication":"2025 Sep","modification":"2026-06-04T00:28:47.336Z","creation":"2026-05-03T03:12:43.11Z"},"accession":"S-EPMC12484875","cross_references":{"pubmed":["41028101"],"doi":["10.1038/s41598-025-14120-x"]}}