biostudies-literatureUnknownMorrel JNIDA NIH HHSNIEHS NIH HHSNIMH NIH HHSNINDS NIH HHS<h4>Background</h4>Ambient air pollution exposure is associated with structural brain differences and poorer cognition in children; however, mechanisms of toxicity remain unclear. Perivascular spaces (PVS), key for brain waste clearance, may play a role in the neurotoxicity of air pollution. This study explored associations between air pollution exposure, PVS morphology, and cognition in preadolescents.<h4>Methods</h4>We analyzed cross-sectional Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development^SM (ABCD) Study^® data from 6,949 9-10-year-old participants. Annual average exposures to PM_2.5, O₃, NO₂, and 15 PM_2.5 components were estimated using spatiotemporal models mapped to residential addresses. PVS count and volume were derived from T1bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology2025.09.26.678867https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12485759biostudies-literatureOutdoor Air Pollution, Perivascular Space Morphology, and Cognition in Preadolescence.PMC12485759T32 ES013678U01 DA041117U24 DA041123U24 DA041147U01 DA041174R01 ES031074R01 NS128486U01 DA041156U01 DA041134U01 DA041093RF1 MH123223P30 ES000002U01 DA051037U01 DA041106U01 DA041028U01 DA041089R01 ES032295U01 DA041022U01 DA041120U01 DA041148U01 DA041048U01 DA041025U01 DA051039U01 DA051038U01 DA051016U01 DA051018U01 DA050988P30 ES007048U01 DA050987U01 DA050989Chen JCRosario MTorgerson CSukumaran KHerting MMSchwartz JChoupan JLan HMorrel JfalseOutdoor Air Pollution, Perivascular Space Morphology, and Cognition in Preadolescence.<h4>Background</h4>Ambient air pollution exposure is associated with structural brain differences and poorer cognition in children; however, mechanisms of toxicity remain unclear. Perivascular spaces (PVS), key for brain waste clearance, may play a role in the neurotoxicity of air pollution. This study explored associations between air pollution exposure, PVS morphology, and cognition in preadolescents.<h4>Methods</h4>We analyzed cross-sectional Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development^SM (ABCD) Study^® data from 6,949 9-10-year-old participants. Annual average exposures to PM_2.5, O₃, NO₂, and 15 PM_2.5 components were estimated using spatiotemporal models mapped to residential addresses. PVS count and volume were derived from T12025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Sep2026-05-08T03:20:03.409Z2026-05-08T03:10:50.488ZS-EPMC124857594104024910.1101/2025.09.26.678867