biostudies-literatureUnknown22(1)Deng H<h4>Background</h4>Caffeine (CAF) and taurine (TAU) have each demonstrated ergogenic effects across physical and cognitive domains. Often co-formulated in commercial energy drinks, they are widely regarded as the two principal bioactive compounds. However, findings regarding their combined efficacy remain inconclusive. This systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis aimed to quantify the individual and combined effects of CAF and TAU on physical capacity, cognitive function, and physiological responses, with a focus on identifying potential synergistic or antagonistic interactions.<h4>Methods</h4>Cochrane Library, PubMed, SciELO, SportsDiscus-EBSCO and Web of Science were searched through 25 July 2025. The pooled effect of each outcome was summarized using SMD (Hedge's g) by BayeJournal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition2566371https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12490369biostudies-literatureCaffeine and taurine: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of their individual and combined effects on physical capacity, cognitive function, and physiological markers.PMC12490369Bin Naharudin MNFan XLiu PDeng HWang LfalseCaffeine and taurine: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of their individual and combined effects on physical capacity, cognitive function, and physiological markers.<h4>Background</h4>Caffeine (CAF) and taurine (TAU) have each demonstrated ergogenic effects across physical and cognitive domains. Often co-formulated in commercial energy drinks, they are widely regarded as the two principal bioactive compounds. However, findings regarding their combined efficacy remain inconclusive. This systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis aimed to quantify the individual and combined effects of CAF and TAU on physical capacity, cognitive function, and physiological responses, with a focus on identifying potential synergistic or antagonistic interactions.<h4>Methods</h4>Cochrane Library, PubMed, SciELO, SportsDiscus-EBSCO and Web of Science were searched through 25 July 2025. The pooled effect of each outcome was summarized using SMD (Hedge's g) by Baye2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Dec2026-06-04T00:26:52.475Z2026-05-03T03:12:30.89ZS-EPMC124903694103245910.1080/15502783.2025.2566371