biostudies-literatureBrown CNAgricultural Research ServiceNational Institute of Food and Agriculture25043-25056https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12492407biostudies-literatureUnknown73(39)The nutritional benefits of nut consumption are complicated by the presence of allergens. Food processing techniques can modify the food protein properties by altering their biophysical characteristics and allergen activity. This study examines the phenylglyoxal-based chemical modification of the cashew nut allergen Ana o 3. Immunoassays with multiple antibodies demonstrate reduced recognition of phenylglyoxal-modified Ana o 3. Mass spectrometry identified multiple Ana o 3 modification sites, including arginine 41, 54, 85, and 111. Circular dichroism, biochemical assays, and molecular simulation indicate that the modifications resulted in minimal protein structure alteration. The research presented here provides insight into Ana o 3 surface chemistry and structure, and it could be applied Journal of agricultural and food chemistryPhenylglyoxal-induced Ana o 3 Modification Reduces Antibody Binding with Minimal Alteration in Protein Structure.PMC124924070201-88888-003-000D0201-88888-002-000D2022-70001-375806054-43440-052-000-DRao QDupre RAVuong TTMattison CPWeigle ATSmith BBrown CNBoue SMEbmeier CCChou YJfalsePhenylglyoxal-induced Ana o 3 Modification Reduces Antibody Binding with Minimal Alteration in Protein Structure.The nutritional benefits of nut consumption are complicated by the presence of allergens. Food processing techniques can modify the food protein properties by altering their biophysical characteristics and allergen activity. This study examines the phenylglyoxal-based chemical modification of the cashew nut allergen Ana o 3. Immunoassays with multiple antibodies demonstrate reduced recognition of phenylglyoxal-modified Ana o 3. Mass spectrometry identified multiple Ana o 3 modification sites, including arginine 41, 54, 85, and 111. Circular dichroism, biochemical assays, and molecular simulation indicate that the modifications resulted in minimal protein structure alteration. The research presented here provides insight into Ana o 3 surface chemistry and structure, and it could be applied 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Oct2026-07-15T05:51:50.469Z2026-06-30T03:16:10.058ZS-EPMC124924074096309310.1021/acs.jafc.5c10372