{"database":"biostudies-literature","file_versions":[],"scores":null,"additional":{"omics_type":["Unknown"],"volume":["28(9)"],"submitter":["Agnihotri P"],"pubmed_abstract":["The Eocene Epoch represented a pinnacle in Indian paleobiodiversity, explained by the ESAT (energy-stability-area-time) theory, which links climatic stability and geological time in fostering immense biodiversity. We provide a reconstruction of a middle Eocene tropical ecosystem from an amber biota recovered from the Harudi Formation (∼41.6 ± 0.5 to ∼40.8 ± 0.5 Ma), Umarsar Lignite Mine (ULM), western India. It reveals a highly diverse ecosystem (>800 arthropods of various taxonomic ranks along with 78 genera and 118 species of palynomorphs) thriving in warm and humid conditions (mean temperature ∼25°C; rainfall ∼2,450 mm/year), analogous to modern tropical climates. The findings show that favorable climate, ecological complexity, and India's northward drift facilitated tropical lineage di"],"journal":["iScience"],"pagination":["113430"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12496201"],"repository":["biostudies-literature"],"pubmed_title":["Eocene amber fossils reveal how complex trophic interactions shaped tropical rainforest biodiversity."],"pmcid":["PMC12496201"],"pubmed_authors":["Singh VP","Singh H","Grimaldi D","Dutta S","Mishra S","Agnihotri P","Thakkar MG","Priya T","Subramanian KA"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Eocene amber fossils reveal how complex trophic interactions shaped tropical rainforest biodiversity.","description":"The Eocene Epoch represented a pinnacle in Indian paleobiodiversity, explained by the ESAT (energy-stability-area-time) theory, which links climatic stability and geological time in fostering immense biodiversity. We provide a reconstruction of a middle Eocene tropical ecosystem from an amber biota recovered from the Harudi Formation (∼41.6 ± 0.5 to ∼40.8 ± 0.5 Ma), Umarsar Lignite Mine (ULM), western India. It reveals a highly diverse ecosystem (>800 arthropods of various taxonomic ranks along with 78 genera and 118 species of palynomorphs) thriving in warm and humid conditions (mean temperature ∼25°C; rainfall ∼2,450 mm/year), analogous to modern tropical climates. The findings show that favorable climate, ecological complexity, and India's northward drift facilitated tropical lineage di","dates":{"release":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","publication":"2025 Sep","modification":"2026-06-04T06:54:45.409Z","creation":"2026-05-06T03:12:27.433Z"},"accession":"S-EPMC12496201","cross_references":{"pubmed":["41054511"],"doi":["10.1016/j.isci.2025.113430"]}}